123av（我记住curl了）

简介

123av（我记住curl了）

正常来说，我们访问一个接口或者链接的时候，经常会用这样的几种方式：

浏览器访问http工具访问(postman/idea的http client等)curl(使用命令行的方式来访问)

cURL是一个利用URL语法在命令行下工作的文件传输工具，1997年首次发行。它支持文件上传和下载，所以是综合传输工具，但按传统，习惯称cURL为下载工具。cURL还包含了用于程序开发的libcurl。

写这篇文章的初衷，主要来源于很多线上联调的接口，限制了ip白名单，需要上到具体的服务器访问，但是，每次记得住的只有 curl 'http://xxxx',，还要每次去百度对应的参数意思。这样要是同事在身边，我没法装起来。赶紧记录一波。

先来一波总结图(来自知乎)

开始使用

curl也是linux系统的一个指令，我们可以通过help查看参数(完整的在附录1)

请求就是命令以及参数的组合，下面就是一个很简单的一个请求

# -v 表示显示完整的请求和响应内容 curl -v 'www.baidu.com' # 返回内容 * Rebuilt URL to: www.baidu.com/ * Trying 103.235.46.39... * Connected to www.baidu.com (103.235.46.39) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: www.baidu.com > User-Agent: curl/7.47.0 > Accept: */* > # 以上为请求内容，留意箭头为 > # 以下为响应内容，箭头是 < < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Accept-Ranges: bytes < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform < Connection: keep-alive < Content-Length: 2381 < Content-Type: text/html < Date: Sun, 13 Jun 2021 17:15:41 GMT < Etag: "588604ec-94d" < Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:28:12 GMT < Pragma: no-cache < Server: bfe/1.0.8.18 < Set-cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/ < <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> * Connection #0 to host www.baidu.com left intact

常用的参数

参数(大小写注意)

加长写法

备注

-X

--request

请求的方式，如果没有指定，为GET

-d

--data

请求参数，后面跟文字或者文件路径如果需要urlencode，可以使用--data-urlencode

-H

--header

请求头(多个请求头用多次 -H)

-b

--cookie

请求带上cookie，后面可以加文字或者文件路径

-i

--include

查看响应头

-I

--head

返回值只带响应头

-v

--verbose

输出详细地返回信息，一般用于debug

-O

--remote-name

外部文件输出到文件

-o

--output

输出到文件

-u

--user

账号密码 USER[:PASSWORD]

可能用到的一些指令

## 发出get 请求 curl 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/user' ## 发出post json格式 curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" http://127.0.0.1:8080/user -d'{"username":"admin","password":"admin1234"}' ## 发出post x-www-form-urlencoded curl -v -X POST --data-urlencode 'key1=value1&key2=value2' http://127.0.0.1:8080/user ## curl认证 curl -u user:pwd URL

记住上面的应该就可以满足日常使(zhuang)用(B)了

总结

curl是一个linux的一个命令，用于在linux机器中请求或者访问网址，后可以跟参数来满足我们不同需求。

在浏览器中的请求，我们也可以复制为curl的格式。

在idea的Http Client工具中，也支持将curl的格式转换为对应的格式请求。

附录

1. 参考文章

公众号-Java3y知乎-curl命令学习使用小结

2. curl --help

Usage: curl [options...] <url> Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only --anyauth Pick "any" authentication method (H) -a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP) --basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H) --cacert FILE CA Certificate to verify peer against (SSL) --capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL) -E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL) --cert-status Verify the status of the server certificate (SSL) --cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL) --compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip) -K, --config FILE Read config from FILE --connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection -C, --continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer OFFSET -b, --cookie STRING/FILE Read cookies from STRING/FILE (H) -c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to FILE after operation (H) --create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy --crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload --crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file -d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H) --data-raw DATA HTTP POST data, '@' allowed (H) --data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H) --data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H) --data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H) --delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission --digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H) --disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F) --disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F) --dns-servers DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2 --dns-interface Interface to use for DNS requests --dns-ipv4-addr ipv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation --dns-ipv6-addr ipv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation -D, --dump-header FILE Write the headers to FILE --egd-file FILE EGD socket path for random data (SSL) --engine ENGINE Crypto engine (use "--engine list" for list) (SSL) --expect100-timeout SECONDS How long to wait for 100-continue (H) -f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H) --false-start Enable TLS False Start. -F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) --form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) --ftp-account DATA Account data string (F) --ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace "USER [name]" (F) --ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F) --ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F) --ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F) -P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F) --ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F) --ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F) --ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F) --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F) --ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer (F) -G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H) -g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and [] -H, --header LINE Pass custom header LINE to server (H) -I, --head Show document info only -h, --help This help text --hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex-encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH) -0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H) --http1.1 Use HTTP 1.1 (H) --http2 Use HTTP 2 (H) --ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header -i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F) -k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H) --interface INTERFACE Use network INTERFACE (or address) -4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address -6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address -j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H) --keepalive-time SECONDS Wait SECONDS between keepalive probes --key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH) --key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with security LEVEL (F) --libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line --limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to RATE -l, --list-only List only mode (F/POP3) --local-port RANGE Force use of RANGE for local port numbers -L, --location Follow redirects (H) --location-trusted Like '--location', and send auth to other hosts (H) --login-options OPTIONS Server login options (IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -M, --manual Display the full manual --mail-from FROM Mail from this address (SMTP) --mail-rcpt TO Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP) --mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email (SMTP) --max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F) --max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H) -m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer --metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file --negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication (H) -n, --netrc Must read .netrc for user name and password --netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n --netrc-file FILE Specify FILE for netrc -:, --next Allows the following URL to use a separate set of options --no-alpn Disable the ALPN TLS extension (H) -N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream --no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection --no-npn Disable the NPN TLS extension (H) --no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL) --noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy --ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H) --oauth2-bearer TOKEN OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -o, --output FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout --pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH) --path-as-is Do not squash .. sequences in URL path --pinnedpubkey FILE/HASHES Public key to verify peer against (SSL) --post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H) --post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H) --post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H) -#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar --proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable PROTOCOLS --proto-default PROTOCOL Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme --proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect -x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port --proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H) --proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-service-name NAME SPNEGO proxy service name --service-name NAME SPNEGO service name -U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password --proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port -p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT) --pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH) -Q, --quote CMD Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP) --random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL) -r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE --raw Do HTTP "raw"; no transfer decoding (H) -e, --referer Referer URL (H) -J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H) -O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file --remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs -R, --remote-time Set the remote file's time on the local output -X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use --resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS --retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur --retry-delay SECONDS Wait SECONDS between retries --retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period --sasl-ir Enable initial response in SASL authentication -S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur -s, --silent Silent mode (don't output anything) --socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port --socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port --socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port --socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy --socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API --socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server -Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below RATE for 'speed-time' secs -y, --speed-time SECONDS Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after SECONDS (default: 30) --ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) --ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL) -3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL) --ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL) --ssl-no-revoke Disable cert revocation checks (WinSSL) --stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr (use "-" for stdout) --tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option -t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option --tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512) -z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition -1, --tlsv1 Use >= TLSv1 (SSL) --tlsv1.0 Use TLSv1.0 (SSL) --tlsv1.1 Use TLSv1.1 (SSL) --tlsv1.2 Use TLSv1.2 (SSL) --trace FILE Write a debug trace to FILE --trace-ascii FILE Like --trace, but without hex output --trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output --tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H) -T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination --url URL URL to work with -B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer -u, --user USER[:PASSWORD] Server user and password --tlsuser USER TLS username --tlspassword STRING TLS password --tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default: SRP) --unix-socket FILE Connect through this Unix domain socket -A, --user-agent STRING Send User-Agent STRING to server (H) -v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative -V, --version Show version number and quit -w, --write-out FORMAT Use output FORMAT after completion --xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes -q Disable .curlrc (must be first parameter)