avdd，lcd为什么使用tps65132？
因为lcd显示模块的驱动芯片需求AVDD：+5V 和AVEE：-5V电平，一般主板供电只有VCC/VDD +2.8~+3.3V，IOVDD+1.8V。如果主板不能供电AVDD/AVEE，则需要使用电平转换芯片，使用VCC/VDD生成AVDD、AVEE。所以会使用到TPS65132，或者HX5186A等电压转换芯片。
冰箱维修教程？
现在家家户户都离不开冰箱，冰箱对我们的生活有非常大的帮助，如果有吃不完的食物或者需要储存食物都可以存放在冰箱里，以防止食品的变质。这样既方便又容易。但是由于冰箱夜以继⽇地⼯作，有时难免会出现些故障，出现故障该怎么维修呢？
冰箱构造
维修冰箱，首先我们需要了解冰箱的构造。
家用电冰箱由箱体、制冷系统、温度控制装置三部分组成。
箱体
箱体的组成：外壳、内衬、绝热层、台面。
箱体的基本作用是绝热，绝热性能的优劣直接关系到箱体的保温性能。
箱体的隔热功能主要是从以下几个方面来实现的：
1、外壳与内衬之间填充绝热材料。
2、箱门装有磁性密封条防止冷气外漏和热空气侵入。
3、箱顶的顶板下面垫有高密度聚苯乙烯泡沫板，起隔热作用。
制冷系统
制冷系统组成：压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、毛细管。
制冷系统自成一个封闭的循环系统。其中蒸发器安装在电冰箱内部的上方，其他部件安装在电冰箱的背面。
工作原理：系统里充灌了一种叫“氟里12(CF2Cl2，国际符号R12)”的物质作为制冷剂（氟利昂类包括氟利昂12和氟利昂11等等是一般传统的制冷剂，现在更多的是新兴的无氟制冷剂如R600a、R404a等，不过制冷原理是一样的）。氟里昂12在蒸发器里由低压液体汽化为气体，吸收冰箱内的热量，使箱内温度降低。变成气态的氟里昂12被压缩机吸入，靠压缩机把它压缩成高温高压的气体，再排入冷凝器。在冷凝器中气态的氟里昂12不断向周围空间放热，逐步液化成液体。这些高压液体必须流经毛细管，节流降压才能缓慢流入蒸发器，维持在蒸发器里继续不断地汽化，吸热降温。就这样，冰箱利用电能做功，借助制冷剂的物态变化，把箱内蒸发器周围的热量搬送到箱后冷凝器里去放出，如此周而复始不断地循环，以达到制冷目的。
内部汽化吸热 → 外部液化放热→ 箱内温度降低
温度控制装置
冰箱的温度控制装置叫温度控制器。它的主要作用是当箱内温度过高时接通压缩机，使制冷系统工作，从而使箱温降下来，当箱温降至要求的温度时，使压缩机断电。
故障检测方法
冰箱故障的检查方法一般可分为问、看、听、摸、测试等。通过检查，综合分析判断，逐渐缩小故障范围，找出故障点。
问
首先问明冰箱的使用情况、故障现象及使用年限，特别是旧机器，要了解机器的故障史及以前维修后的使用情况，对曾维修过制冷系统的机器，要多留意冰堵、脏堵、混入空气、冷冻油是否变质等故障。
看
1、首先看蒸发器结霜的情况，在压缩机运转的情况下，如果出现蒸发器表面无霜、结不满霜或结霜不实等情况，都说明制冷系统工作不正常。
2、冰箱冷冻室结冰，说明温控器温差过大，停机时间过长等因素造成的，直冷式双门冰箱的冷藏室蒸发器总是结满霜而无结霜、化霜交替变化，说明温控器发生故障。
3、检查制冷系统中管路的各个焊接处及蒸发器表面，看是否有渗漏的痕迹，凡渗漏处都会有油渍。
4、查看压缩机回气管是否结霜，如结霜，则说明制冷剂冲入量过多，对于间冷式冰箱，如压缩机回气管结霜，还应考虑是否由于风扇不转而引起。遇到这种情况，可以打开箱门，按下门框按钮，查看风扇是否旋转。
5、查看箱门是否有缝隙。如果箱门有缝隙，则冰箱保温性能差，导致压缩机开机时间长，停机时间短，而且冰箱结霜多。
听
1、接通冰箱电源，如果听到启动器“叭嗒”一声，压缩机在0.2秒至0.5秒内启动，随后压缩机发出轻微而且有节奏的运转声，说明压缩机启动正常。如压缩机发出沉闷的“嗡嗡”声，而后连续听到“叭嗒”的启动器触点断开、吸合的声音，有时还带有压缩机的振动声，最后可以听到热保护器“叭”的一声响，随后切断压缩机电源。此故障可以考虑以下原因：
a、电源电压低，压缩机卡缸、抱缸轴。
b、电动机扫堂。
c、电动机绕组短路。
d、电动机启动绕组开路。
e、气路系统管路堵塞。
f、启动继电器故障等。使用排除法，确定故障原因。
2、压缩机运转时，机壳内有明显的喷气声，说明压缩机排气缓冲管断裂漏气。若压缩机机壳有破裂声，说明压缩机高、低压阀片破裂、漏气。压缩机刚停机时，听到机壳内有明显的跑气声音，说明压缩机阀板的高低压纸垫被击穿、排气减震管泄漏、阀片磨损或阀片、阀口处积碳。压缩机运转时，如果机壳发出“当当”的撞击声，说明压缩机内支撑弹簧断裂或疲劳变形。
3、高压液态制冷剂通过毛细管进入蒸发器，迅速蒸发沸腾，同时发出“嘶嘶”的气流声音，并时常伴流水的声音，属于正常现象。如果听到蒸发器内有“叽叽”声，或者有断断续续的憋气声，故障通常为脏堵、油堵或者冰堵。周期性较长的断续喷气声一般为冰堵。若蒸发器内只有气流声，而且不结霜，说明系统内制冷剂基本漏完。
4、冰箱有时发出断断续续的噪音，往往是由于冰箱支脚落地不稳，制冷系统管路相互碰撞以及压缩机与箱体底座螺丝松动等原因引起共振造成的。
摸
冰箱正常运行时，制冷系统各个部分的温度通过触摸，可以对制冷系统状况有个大致的判断。(制冷系统各个部分的温度还受环境温度的影响，环境温度升高时，冷凝器、过滤器、回气管和压缩机的温度明显升高，反之，上述部分的温度明显降低。)
1、压缩机运转时，触摸冷凝器上部，应很热(大于55℃)。如不热，可能是制冷系统漏气、堵塞或压缩机没有排气压力等故障。
2、正常时，触摸干燥过滤器应有热的感觉(约55℃)。如制冷系统过脏，会造成干燥过滤器温度升高，对于刚刚维修过的冰箱，如果干燥过滤器温度过高，一般为毛细管阻流偏大，制冷剂充入量过大。
3、压缩机正常工作时，触摸压缩机回气管，应没有热感(接近于环境温度)。如果温度高，说明系统少制冷剂，管路微堵或系统中混入空气。如果感觉到冷或者有露水甚至结霜时，说明制冷剂充入量过多。
4、压缩机机壳的温度一般在70℃以下。即使在夏季，冰箱首次开机时，压缩机经过连续长时间的工作，机壳温度也不超过85℃。
5、如果蒸发器上结的霜用手一摸就脱落(称为虚霜)，并且压缩机回气管结满霜，说明充入的制冷剂过多或新换的毛细管过粗、过短。
6、用手触摸蒸发器表面，如果发现蒸发器结不满霜，说明系统制冷剂不足或毛细管半堵塞。
测试
通过测量冰箱的温度、压力、开机与停机比、运转电流以及压缩机的绝缘电阻和直流电阻等，对冰箱进行检查。
1、测温度
用电机温度计测量电冰箱的温度。电冰箱的温度按国家标准吸气温度为三十二摄氏度，蒸发温度为负二十三摄氏度一下，排气温度为五十五摄氏度左右，过冷温度为三十二摄氏度左右。
1、冰箱靠近墙面放置会导致冰箱发烫，也不能在冰箱的周围覆盖东西，这样都会阻碍冰箱散热，使温度上升，应该保持冰箱有足够的空间散热。
2、在使用冰箱的时候不要打开频繁，频繁的打开冰箱会让里的温度升高，加大冰箱的工作量，冰箱长期处于运转状态就会使温度更高的。这时要减少开冰箱的次数。
3、停用之后特别是在夏季温度很高的时候，冰箱要达到设定的制冷温度会需要很长时间，长时间的运转就会使冰箱的温度升高，冰箱一旦使用最好不要停用了。
2、测压力
冰箱的正常压力值在0.03~0.08mpa。
a、吸气压力过高，通常由：制冷剂充入过多、新换毛细管过短、压缩机性能无法维持正常运行的原因引起。
b、出现吸气压力为负压时，通常由：制冷剂不足、系统内有堵塞现象、新换毛细管太细、太长。
2、测量冰箱的开机与停机之比
冰箱的开机与停机之比与它的制冷系统、保温性能、温控器性能、调节位置、环境温度、电路系统、冰箱内食品的多少以及开门次数等有着直接的关系。
3、测量工作电流
1、如果工作电流大于额定电流，说明制冷剂充入量过多，制冷系统微堵、压缩机局部短路。
2、如果工作电流小于额定电流，说明制冷系统有泄漏或系统完全堵塞。
3、测量绝缘电阻和直流电阻：(对于匝间短路不严重或匝间绝缘不良的电机绕组，用电阻测量方法很难分辨电机故障，因此只能采用测量工作电流的方法来判断)。
缺少制冷剂，或蒸发器内有沉积的冷冻机油，导致压缩机效率降低。
冰箱故障分类
电冰箱的故障可分为电气系统故障和制冷系统故障两大类。
电气系统故障分析
电气系统主要包括温控部分和压缩机电动机控制部分。由此而引起的故障现象是电冰箱接通电源后压缩机不起动和接通电源后压缩机运转不停。
1、首先用万用表欧姆挡测量冰箱电源插头的阻值。
压缩机的三个接线端子以及与起动器之间的接线情况如图所示：C——公共端、M——运行端、S——起动端。
各绕组间直流电阻值如下：运行绕组C、M两端约10.5Ω；起动绕组C、S两端约22Ω；而运行和起动绕组阻值的和即S、M端的阻值约为32.5Ω。正常时电路所有的开关触点都接通，对于重锤起动器式的冰箱，因重锤式起动器触点未通电而未接通，回路阻值为压缩机运行绕组的阻值，一般为10—20Ω左右，对于PTC起动冰箱，回路的直流电阻为起动器20Ω阻值与起动绕组串联后再与运行绕组并联，所以其电阻略小于压缩机运行绕组的阻值。
通过测得的阻值来判断电路的工作状态，阻值偏大时，要检查温度控制器、过载保护器、压缩机电动机以及线路和触点接触情况，阻值偏小时一般是短路，主要检查压缩机电动机及其线路。
2、要进一步判断还要对冰箱通电检查。
通电前先检查温控器开关是否正常。如温度控制器装在电冰箱的冷藏室内，当放置的环境温度低于设计温度时不会起动运转，故有的冰箱设计了冬季补偿开关，补偿开关打开后则温度控制器感温管附近的加热器开始加热，强制升温使压缩机运转，目的是牺牲冷藏室的正常温度而保证冷冻室的温度。
如果温控器内的开关都正常，而通电后压缩机不起动，可用一根导线短接重锤式起动器的两个静触点，注意导线短接时间不要太长，以不超过2s为宜，时间长将会使起动绕组烧坏。如果短接后冰箱能起动，说明起动器有故障，重锤式起动器长期起动易使触点烧坏，测量时拆下起动器，用万用表欧姆RX1挡，将两表笔插入接线柱插孔内。起动器正着放时相当于正常运转状态，即未接通，万用表测量阻值为无穷大；将起动器倒过来时相当于起动状态，万用表指示为0Ω，则说明起动器是好的。
如果用导线短接后仍不能起动，就需要检查保护器。可用短接法检查保护器，将保护器的两个接线铜片短接起来，如果冰箱能够起动运转，说明保护器有故障，可能是电热丝烧断或碟形双金属片受阻不能下翻，如果冰箱仍不能起动，则是压缩机或起动器有问题。检查时，把起动器和保护器拆下，露出电动机的三根接线柱。测每两个接线柱之间的电阻值，如正常，说明电动机绕组没有故障。如不正常，不要急于拆开压缩机，可以采用直接接通电源的方法进行检查。具体办法是：用带有电源插头的两根电源线接在M、C接线柱上，也就是运行绕组上，再用螺钉旋具作为导线同时碰触M和S端，然后把插头插入电源插座，如果电动机和压缩机没有故障，就会起动。起动2s左右，就要把螺钉旋具移开，电动机进入正常运转。如果检查压缩机能起动运转，说明电动机没有故障，故障发生在电动机外部，可能是外引线折断或接线柱接触不良，也可能是环境温度过低等。否则为压缩机故障。
制冷系统故障分析
电冰箱不制冷
电冰箱运转不停，但是不制冷，冷凝器不热，蒸发器不凉。这种故障一般出现在制冷系统。
可能原因是制冷剂泄漏，或者冰堵、脏堵，或是压缩机有故障。由于制冷系统是封闭的，所以可通过观察管路表面有无油污、用手触摸各部分的温度、耳听运行声音来检查。
1、检查管路表面是否有油污
仔细检查冷凝器、过滤器、毛细管、蒸发器；吸气管、压缩机外壳及管路结合处。如果发现有油污，说明制冷剂泄漏。这时可切开压缩机的工艺管。如果有少量的制冷剂喷出，就进一步证明是制冷剂泄漏。
如果没有油污，则需要进一步检查压缩机的温度。
2、检查压缩机的温度
用手摸压缩机，如果压缩机的温度不太高，和运转时差不多，说明管路畅通，没有堵塞现象，而可能是高压缓冲管破裂、活塞穿孔、排气阀同吸气阀短路等。这时可切开高压排气管，排出制冷剂。
3、检查压缩机开机时的情况
切断电冰箱的电源，打开箱门；使制冷系统各个部件恢复到室温。然后接通电源，电冰箱启动运转。如果开始时蒸发器结霜较好，冷凝器发热，低压吸气管发凉；由冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声，但过一会儿，蒸发器结霜融化，只在毛细管同蒸发器结合部位结有少量霜；冷凝器不热，低压吸气管不凉，用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音，说明出现了冰堵。这时如果用热毛巾敷在毛细管同蒸发器的结合处，又能重新制冷，则进一步证实是冰堵。
如果开机的时候不见蒸发器结霜，冷凝器不热，低压气管不凉，用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音，则可以初步认为发生了脏堵。这时，可以切断高压排气管，排出制冷剂，用手指按住排气管，启动压缩机，如果手指感到有较大的压力，说明管路发生脏堵。
电冰箱制冷效果差
电冰箱运转不停，但箱内温度达不到要求，制冷效果差。这可能是由于使用不当或箱门关闭不严造成的。也可能是制冷系统故障引起的。一般应先检查使用情况和箱门情况，再检查制冷系统。
1、检查使用情况
首先要了解环境温度。如果高于43℃，制冷效果差一些是正常的。如果环境温度不高，要打开箱门检查。如果箱内食品太多，特别是放入了温度高的食品，食品释放出大量的热量；或者打开箱门次数太多，外界热空气不断进人箱内，或者未及时化霜等，所有这些都会使电冰箱长时间运转不停，制冷效果差。
2、检查箱门
电冰箱箱门关闭不严，热空气会从缝隙处不断进入箱内。这可能是磁性门封条失去磁性、老化变形，或是箱门翘曲造成的。
3、检查制冷系统
如果使用情况正常，箱门又能关闭严密，那么制冷效果差的故障就出在制冷系统。由于制冷系统仍能工作，因此，可能是制冷剂部分泄漏、部分冰堵或部分脏堵，也可能是压缩机内部故障。
检查的顺序是首先观察管路表面有无油污。如果有油污，说明制冷剂部分泄漏，这时可以切开工艺管，灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂，再次启动运转。如果运转正常，证明是制冷剂部分泄漏。如果管路表面没有油污，可检查开机时的情况。如果开机时制冷正常，蒸发器结霜良好，在电冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声，但过了一会儿制冷效果变差，只能听到微弱的气流声和流水声，说明是部分冰堵。
如果开机时制冷效果就差，用耳朵贴近冰箱上部只能听到微弱的气流声和水流声，这可能是脏堵或压缩机内部故障，需要进一步检查。这时，可切开工艺管，灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂，并接入气压表，启动压缩机。如果气压表所示气压下降到正常值（0.06～0.08MPa）以下，说明压缩机内部没有故障，只是管路有部分脏堵。如果气压下降到正常值以上，说明压缩机性能下降，严重时需要拆开压缩机详细检查和修理。
如果制冷系统混入空气，或者制冷剂充加过多或不足，都可能影响制冷效果。
制冷系统中充加过多的制冷剂，会使过多的制冷剂在蒸发器内不能很好蒸发，液体制冷剂返回压缩机中，这样压缩机的吸气量减少，制冷系统低压端压力升高，又影响蒸发器内制冷剂的蒸发量；造成制冷能力下降。同时，过多的制冷剂会占去冷凝器的一部分容积，减少散热面积，使冷凝器的冷却效率降低，吸气压力和蒸发温度也相应提高，吸气管出现结霜现象。遇到这种情况，必须及时将多余的制冷剂排出制冷系统，否则不但不能提高降温效果，反而使压缩机有液击冲缸的危险。
制冷系统充加的制冷剂过少时，会使蒸发器的蒸发表面积得不到充分利用，制冷量降低，蒸发器表面部分结霜，吸气管温度偏高。遇到这种情况，可以补充适量的制冷剂。
常见故障及检修
通电后电机不起动且无嗡嗡声
1、故障原因：保险熔断
排除方法：按要求更换保险丝
2、故障原因：接线松脱，插头接触不良
排除方法：检查线路，接好松脱处，插好插头
3、故障原因：电机绕组短路、断路或转子卡死
排除方法：检修或重绕
4、故障原因：起动继电器绕组烧断
排除方法：更换
5、故障原因：温控器开关未闭合，旋钮处于“0”（或停）位置
排除方法：调整温控器开关，使其闭合
6、故障原因：过载继电器的接触未闭合，或热电阻丝烧断
排除方法：检查并调整使触点闭合，更换电阻丝
通电后电机不起动但有嗡嗡声
1、故障原因：电源电压过低（低于187V）
排除方法：拔下电源插头，等电压正常后再插上，或加装稳压器
2、故障原因：起动继电器未闭合或接触不良
排除方法：修理或更换
3、故障原因：电机起动绕组断路
排除方法：重绕起动绕组
4、故障原因：起动电容器短路、短路或失效
排除方法：更换或检修
5、故障原因：压缩机负荷过重或制冷剂充灌过多
排除方法：重新调整或减少制冷剂
完全不制冷
1、故障原因：电源插头松动或脱落
排除方法：重新插好电源插头
2、故障原因：电源保险丝熔断
排除方法：按要求更换保险丝
3、故障原因：停电
排除方法：待恢复供电时再使用
4、故障原因：电源电压过低
排除方法：拔下电源插头，待电压正常后再插上或加装稳压器
5、故障原因：温度控制钮在“0”（或“停”）的位置
排除方法：调整温控器旋钮，使其处于某一适当位置，开关触点闭合
6、故障原因：过载保护断电器断路或起动继电器触点接触不良
排除方法：修理或更换
7、故障原因：压缩机卡死或电动机故障
排除方法：修理或更换
8、制冷剂漏失或毛细管堵塞、干燥过滤器脏堵
排除方法：修理
冷藏室温度偏高
1、故障原因：温控器旋钮调得不合适（数字过小）
排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置
2、故障原因：电冰箱受阳光直射、接近热源或冷凝器较脏，散热不佳
排除方法：重新放置电冰箱，清洁冷凝器
3、故障原因：冷藏室放置食物过多、过密或放入热的食物
排除方法：减少与重新放置贮存食物，留出适当空隙，热的食物放凉后再放入
4、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长
排除方法：减少开门次数和时间
5、故障原因：蒸发表面结霜过厚（超过5mm）或结冰
排除方法：将霜或冰化掉
6、故障原因：门封不严
排除方法：检修并适当调平箱体（稍后仰）使门封严密
7、故障原因：箱内照明灯不熄灭
排除方法：检修照明灯开关
8、故障原因：冷藏室温控风门温控器失控，使风门开不大或风扇不转
排除方法：修理或更换
9、故障原因：压缩机阀门损坏
排除方法：修理
冷藏室温度过低而使上层食品被冻结
1、故障原因：室温偏低而温控器调得不合理（数字太大或调到强冷点、不停点）
排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较小的位置
2、故障原因：温控器触点粘连不停车或感温管失控
排除方法：修理或更换
3、故障原因：误将水分多而容易冻结的食物放在上部搁架
排除方法：将易冻结的食物放在冷藏室下部
4、故障原因：温感风门温控器旋钮调得不合理（置冷点）或失控，或风门关不上
排除方法：重调温感风门温控器旋钮
5、故障原因：温度补偿加热器损坏
排除方法：更换温度补偿加热器
冷冻室温度偏高
1、故障原因：室温偏高而温控器旋钮调得不合理（数字过小）
排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置
2、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长
排除方法：减少开门次数和时间
3、故障原因：门封不严
排除方法：检修门封，使其严密
4、故障原因：制冷剂漏失
排除方法：找出漏洞，放气补焊，再抽真空重新灌入制冷剂
5、故障原因：充灌制冷剂过多或过少
排除方法：重新调整或充灌制冷剂
6、故障原因：压缩机制冷效率下降
排除方法：拆修压缩机
7、故障原因：翅片蒸发器被冰箱堵塞或毛细管堵塞
排除方法：确定原因后检修
8、故障原因：冷风循环风扇不转或运转不正常
排除方法：修理或更换
9、故障原因：结霜厚而未清除
排除方法：清除结霜
压缩机长时间运转不能自动停机
1、故障原因：箱内一次性放入过多温度较高的食品或连续冻结大量冰块
排除方法：适当减少放入食物，并放凉后再放入，减少冻冰量
2、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长
排除方法：减少开门次数和时间
3、故障原因：温控器误调到不停点
排除方法：按需要重调温控器
4、故障原因：制冷剂漏失
排除方法：找出漏孔，放气补焊，再抽真空，重新充灌制冷剂
5、故障原因：毛细管被杂质污物堵塞（脏堵）
排除方法：用热毛巾敷裹毛细管解冻或更换毛细管
6、故障原因：毛细管被冰堵塞（冰堵）
排除方法：放掉制冷剂，烘干分子筛过滤器，重新抽真空后充灌制冷剂
7、故障原因：电冰箱环境温度过高（大于40度）或空气对流受阻
排除方法：调换放置位置，改善空气对流
8、故障原因：温控器触点粘连或或感温管松动失控
排除方法：断电后将温控器旋至“停”点再旋回原定点通电。若仍不正常，则更换
9、故障原因：箱壁或门壁隔热层中流入水或结冰
排除方法：干燥隔热层
压缩机运转时噪声大
1、故障原因：箱体未放平稳
排除方法：重新调平放稳
2、故障原因：电冰箱背后与其他物件或墙壁触碰
排除方法：适当调整位置或物件，使它们脱离触碰
3、故障原因：电冰箱背部的接水盘脱离原位置而振动发声
排除方法：重新放好接水盘，并垫上泡沫塑料
4、故障原因：风扇与其他部件碰撞
排除方法：移动风扇位置
5、故障原因：管道与箱件碰撞
排除方法：挪动管道，拧紧固定螺丝
6、故障原因：压缩机减振胶垫压得过紧或老化变硬
排除方法：调松或列换胶垫
7、故障原因：压缩机内部噪声大
排除方法：拆修或压缩机
压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短
1、故障原因：制冷剂泄露使制冷效果变差
排除方法：查漏补焊
2、故障原因：温控器旋钮误调在强冷档，达到最低温度需要压缩机长期运转
排除方法：重调温控器旋钮
3、故障原因：箱门未关闭，漏入热量多，使压缩机运转时间长
排除方法：检查门封，关严箱门
4、故障原因：制冷剂充灌得过多，制冷效果差
排除方法：调整毛细管长度或重调制冷剂量
5、故障原因：环境温度偏高，散热效果差
排除方法：改善电冰箱周围散热条件
6、故障原因：电冰箱内放入过多食品，热负荷过大
排除方法：调整放入食品的数量
7、故障原因：压缩机进、排气阀有漏气
排除方法：拆修或更换
电冰箱内温度正常但压缩机起动频繁
1、故障原因：感温管与蒸发器接触不良，未靠近蒸发器，使感温失真
排除方法：重调感温管位置
2、故障原因：起动触点接触不良，时断时通
排除方法：调整触点连接铜片，使其接触可靠
3、故障原因：温控器旋钮位置不当
排除方法：重调温控器至合适位置
4、故障原因：过载安全保护继电器接点与电热丝位置过近
排除方法：重新调整过载螺钉，使两者相距适当
电冰箱能制冷但箱内照明灯不亮
1、故障原因：灯泡损坏
排除方法：更换相同规格的灯泡
2、故障原因：照明灯泡与灯座接触不良
排除方法：将灯泡拧紧
3、故障原因：照明灯电路断线
排除方法：查出断线处并修复
4、故障原因：门灯开关接触不良
排除方法：拆开灯开关，重新调整弹簧压力，使其接触良好
照明灯不亮且压缩机不工作
1、故障原因：保险丝熔断
排除方法：查出原因，更换同规格新保险丝
2、故障原因：电源插头与插座连线断路
排除方法：查出断线处，修复或更换
3、故障原因：电源插头接触不良
排除方法：调整接触或更换
4、故障原因：停电
排除方法：拨下电源插头，待来电时再工作
门将关上时照明灯不熄灭
1、故障原因：门灯开头失灵
排除方法：修复或更换
2、故障原因：开关位置不对，关门时未能压下按钮，以切断照明灯电路
排除方法：调整门灯开头位置（包括温控器位置），使开头正常工作
温控器置于通常使用位置时保险丝熔断
1、故障原因：包括电冰箱在内的家电电器总负荷已超过保险丝的额定电流
排除方法：在家用小火表、布线等容量允许的前提下，适当加大保险丝规格
2、故障原因：单相交流电动机起动电容损坏而产生短路
排除方法：更换新的同规格电容器
3、故障原因：起动继电器触点粘连
排除方法：修理或更换
4、故障原因：压缩机定子线圈或电源插头短路
排除方法：查明原因后修复
电冰箱放置处积水
1、故障原因：泄水系统堵塞或软管破裂，使融霜水从冷藏室内溢出
排除方法：查出原因，排去堵塞物或更换软管
2、故障原因：接水盒（盆）中融霜水过满而溢出
排除方法：及时倒掉接水盒（盆）中水，有自动蒸发皿者，检查有关加热蒸发装置有否故障，并排除之
3、故障原因：滤水器堵塞
排除方法：排除堵塞物
4、故障原因：环境空气过于潮湿，遇冷凝结成水
排除方法：改善放置环境，使其干燥通风（就冰箱而言，此并非故障）
冷冻室封条被冻住
1、故障原因：门封条损坏
排除方法：用热毛巾或电吹风对门封条冻结处加热，待门拉开后，再修复或更新封条
2、故障原因：设有门封电热丝的电冰箱，门封电热丝失效
排除方法：拉开门后，更换门封电热丝
打开箱门有难闻臭味
1、故障原因：电冰箱内有腐败的残渣、废物、剩水等
排除方法：彻底清扫，可用清洁剂或苏打水清洗
2、故障原因：存放有浓味的羊肉、牛肉等食品而未用保鲜膜或塑料袋封装，使气味扩散
排除方法：用保鲜膜、塑料袋（或瓶、罐）封装食品
3、故障原因：制冷剂泄漏数量很多，使其影响贮存食物的质量，产生异味
排除方法：检漏、修复
4、故障原因：箱壁隔热层破损，水蒸汽侵入造成腐烂变质而产生怪味
排除方法：更换隔热层或内胆、注意防潮
5、故障原因：电冰箱久置未用，而又未稍打开箱门，造成启用后有霉味散出
排除方法：清洁、同时用市售除臭剂清除电冰箱内的异味
冷冻食品变味
1、故障原因：冷冻食品未用塑料袋或保鲜纸严密包装而串味
排除方法：冷冻食品应使用烹袋或保鲜膜封装
2、故障原因：制冷剂严重泄漏，被冷冻食品吸收而产生异味
排除方法：检漏、补焊
3、故障原因：隔热层材料破损，其气味为冷冻食品所吸收
排除方法：更换隔热层或内胆
4、故障原因：冰盘在制冰前未洗净，融霜水滴入，而使冰块味不正
排除方法：制冷前先洗净制冰盘
电动机运转中过热
1、故障原因：制冷剂充灌过多或有空气存在，致使排气压力过高
排除方法：检修、抽真空并排除多余制冷剂
2、故障原因：毛细管或干燥过滤器堵塞，使电动机负载增大而过热
排除方法：检查、排堵或更换
3、故障原因：电压过低（低于187V），使工作电流增大而电机过热
排除方法：待电压正常时再工作，或采用稳压器
4、故障原因：起动电容器损坏，使电动机难起动或转速慢，起动电流剧增而引起电机过热
排除方法：更换新电容器
5、故障原因：电动机轴承损坏或部分绕组短路
排除方法：更换轴承，拆修或重绕电机绕组
6、故障原因：蒸发器或冷凝器管道中有堵塞
排除方法：检查后排除堵塞
有电线烧焦味
1、故障原因：电源线被压在箱底下，使电线短路
排除方法：取出电源线，更换或修复
2、故障原因：电源线贴在冰箱压缩机外壳，因高温致使塑胶线绝缘层烤出焦味
排除方法：移开电源线，并修复或更换
3、故障原因：电动机起动继电器线圈短路而发出焦味
排除方法：检查并拆修、更换
4、故障原因：全自动化霜定时温控器线圈短路而发出焦味
排除方法：检查并拆修、更换
5、故障原因：压缩机线圈短路而发出焦味
排除方法：检查并重绕
接触箱体或开门时有麻电感
1、故障原因：电冰箱未设接地线，或接地线障碍
排除方法：加接接地线，或检查修整，使接地可靠
2、故障原因：因严重受潮，致使机壳与电器部件的绝缘性能降低（与地绝缘电阻小于2MΩ）
排除方法：擦干或烘干潮湿机电件
冰箱的保养
定期适当保养可以延长冰箱的使用寿命。保养冰箱前务必拔下电源插头。
1、经常清理冰箱背面或底部冷凝器和压缩机上的灰尘。可使用吸尘器或毛刷除尘。注意不要用湿布去擦冷藏器和压缩机上灰尘。
2、冰箱长期停用时，应先切断电源，取出箱内一切食品，将箱内外清理干净，敞开箱门数日，使箱内充分干燥并散掉冰箱内的异味。
3、检查排水管。如果排水管堵塞，水就会漏到冰箱内。要用铁丝捅一捅排水管，除去积在排水管上的东西。
4、不要忽略门封胶条的清洗，将漂白剂用10倍的水稀释后用牙刷蘸湿清洗，最后用水将漂白剂冲去。胶条脏污易老化，会影响冰箱的密封性，增加耗电量。
5、检查振动、噪音以及压缩机的温度。运行中摸压缩机外壳，不应有明显的振动感，白天不应听到压缩机明显启动的声音。
6、注意检查电源线上是否有裂缝，防止漏电。
7、用温水或中性洗涤剂将冰箱内外清洗并擦干，敞开冰箱门通风干燥一天。
清洁冰箱外壳最好每天进行，用微湿柔软的布每天擦拭冰箱的外壳和拉手。清理内胆前先切断电源，把冰箱冷藏室内的食物拿出来。软布蘸上清水或食具洗洁精，轻轻擦洗，然后蘸清水将洗洁精拭去。拆下箱内附件，用清水或洗洁精清洗。清洁冰箱的“开关”、“照明灯”和“温控器”等设施时，请把抹布或海绵拧得干一些。内壁做完清洁后，可用软布蘸取甘油(医用开塞露)擦一遍冰箱内壁，下次擦的时候会更容易。用酒精浸过的布清洁擦拭密封条。如果手边没有酒精，用1：1醋水擦拭密封条，消毒效果很好。用吸尘器或软毛刷清理冰箱背面的通风栅，不要用湿布，以免生锈。清洁完毕，插上电源，检查温度控制器是否设定在正确位置。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在家家户户都离不开冰箱，冰箱对我们的生活有非常大的帮助，如果有吃不完的食物或者需要储存食物都可以存放在冰箱里，以防止食品的变质。这样既方便又容易。但是由于冰箱夜以继⽇地⼯作，有时难免会出现些故障，出现故障该怎么维修呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9fc8AWd00yPeAmgkgGmAgc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱构造","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj3JTLUWidXNl0L5ACputQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修冰箱，首先我们需要了解冰箱的构造。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggiwgYBUmCcuc8fgSZ61rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"家用电冰箱由箱体、制冷系统、温度控制装置三部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8p29yRa1k9z0HvlUMQ6Swg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvQNeMc31ATvQcOT5rKNXsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的组成：外壳、内衬、绝热层、台面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBLhxxXT3hYATrZtZCcYxKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的基本作用是绝热，绝热性能的优劣直接关系到箱体的保温性能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhNLi3a3RMrD8xQkWTSauTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的隔热功能主要是从以下几个方面来实现的：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrKu3LgUWR8H9BMDiJkZ9cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、外壳与内衬之间填充绝热材料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqcyNxUWyZSL8Y353eEqfWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、箱门装有磁性密封条防止冷气外漏和热空气侵入。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIP2o86dDq4LfKS38y5ipkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、箱顶的顶板下面垫有高密度聚苯乙烯泡沫板，起隔热作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAgas7cw7Zigogk0Tsp9CSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f5b1cfe2ccb497e960ecf08fa522289","width":1214},"text":"","id":"doxcnqqOfG8V2tCu36QE6bmyaZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU4djYaYaZQDHLnlHKd8dte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统组成：压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、毛细管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUdwS4xEYPj3Wy6Ee6JUvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统自成一个封闭的循环系统。其中蒸发器安装在电冰箱内部的上方，其他部件安装在电冰箱的背面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGNXdbtghV6LxdbdLLTLLUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"系统里充灌了一种叫“氟里12(CF2Cl2，国际符号R12)”的物质作为制冷剂（氟利昂类包括氟利昂12和氟利昂11等等是一般传统的制冷剂，现在更多的是新兴的无氟制冷剂如R600a、R404a等，不过制冷原理是一样的）","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。氟里昂12在蒸发器里由低压液体汽化为气体，吸收冰箱内的热量，使箱内温度降低。变成气态的氟里昂12被压缩机吸入，靠压缩机把它压缩成高温高压的气体，再排入冷凝器。在冷凝器中气态的氟里昂12不断向周围空间放热，逐步液化成液体。这些高压液体必须流经毛细管，节流降压才能缓慢流入蒸发器，维持在蒸发器里继续不断地汽化，吸热降温。就这样，冰箱利用电能做功，借助制冷剂的物态变化，把箱内蒸发器周围的热量搬送到箱后冷凝器里去放出，如此周而复始不断地循环，以达到制冷目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj8SOijqI11wbCmnSUDgjkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1260,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/007c7aa9bfdd45bb8b79834596ab2f9f","width":1469},"text":"","id":"doxcnvhHMop3YTboqILG2Gw9lZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内部汽化吸热 → 外部液化放热→ 箱内温度降低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn623duqiTqaSg3zXqizJLxh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"温度控制装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyxvLiE3Pfo7t0otJ7Zvzx0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的温度控制装置叫温度控制器。它的主要作用是当箱内温度过高时接通压缩机，使制冷系统工作，从而使箱温降下来，当箱温降至要求的温度时，使压缩机断电。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80OTAxl31sdUzs4f0D3B6d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":382,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"温度控制装置","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/28626154998d4eb5a91dedc4a8641986","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnGHfO1TBZx20zDCpe1Ofzcf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检测方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDEHK8ZcdbqJQdeLzRkmKwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱故障的检查方法一般可分为问、看、听、摸、测试等。通过检查，综合分析判断，逐渐缩小故障范围，找出故障点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvpfqiKGRl93vBe7xQvNrjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"问","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUXghbjBWd8AW26u3omlnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先问明冰箱的使用情况、故障现象及使用年限，特别是旧机器，要了解机器的故障史及以前维修后的使用情况，对曾维修过制冷系统的机器，要多留意冰堵、脏堵、混入空气、冷冻油是否变质等故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvTAVBglxSOLIDLSyhun6md"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEdOcky6xR3bTCcbMlkYjJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先看蒸发器结霜的情况，在压缩机运转的情况下，如果出现蒸发器表面无霜、结不满霜或结霜不实等情况，都说明制冷系统工作不正常。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfiM3398UttQjMf4D4SjntY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、冰箱冷冻室结冰，说明温控器温差过大，停机时间过长等因素造成的，直冷式双门冰箱的冷藏室蒸发器总是结满霜而无结霜、化霜交替变化，说明温控器发生故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlmuePvBFaS5liP6vRYgpC5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查制冷系统中管路的各个焊接处及蒸发器表面，看是否有渗漏的痕迹，凡渗漏处都会有油渍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnd9AkX0dShtUCXhRMKVYbTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、查看压缩机回气管是否结霜，如结霜，则说明制冷剂冲入量过多，对于间冷式冰箱，如压缩机回气管结霜，还应考虑是否由于风扇不转而引起。遇到这种情况，可以打开箱门，按下门框按钮，查看风扇是否旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntgKgXwEyaJGxlmrImOPLfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、查看箱门是否有缝隙。如果箱门有缝隙，则冰箱保温性能差，导致压缩机开机时间长，停机时间短，而且冰箱结霜多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRxNgpQ8T3pYBJoYdxmq24C"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFzEiQBqnmIM0RvQhEqJEcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、接通冰箱电源，如果听到启动器“叭嗒”一声，压缩机在0.2秒至0.5秒内启动，随后压缩机发出轻微而且有节奏的运转声，说明压缩机启动正常。如压缩机发出沉闷的“嗡嗡”声，而后连续听到“叭嗒”的启动器触点断开、吸合的声音，有时还带有压缩机的振动声，最后可以听到热保护器“叭”的一声响，随后切断压缩机电源。此故障可以考虑以下原因：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyh6eO1UhY89ctcJtFSzSod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a、电源电压低，压缩机卡缸、抱缸轴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0TWVSaKOGyUvPdXjhCjJob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"b、电动机扫堂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOy1pkFEAV3LDZmImkoY9af"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"c、电动机绕组短路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlRkVFSBZjBrwfFbHl0vaQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"d、电动机启动绕组开路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAJnLIaavBzb4Yv8kndUfJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"e、气路系统管路堵塞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjmMyS867JQMVPSJCYSwC0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"f、启动继电器故障等。使用排除法，确定故障原因。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1rAW4SwRWpghXugzDvxwWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、压缩机运转时，机壳内有明显的喷气声，说明压缩机排气缓冲管断裂漏气。若压缩机机壳有破裂声，说明压缩机高、低压阀片破裂、漏气。压缩机刚停机时，听到机壳内有明显的跑气声音，说明压缩机阀板的高低压纸垫被击穿、排气减震管泄漏、阀片磨损或阀片、阀口处积碳。压缩机运转时，如果机壳发出“当当”的撞击声，说明压缩机内支撑弹簧断裂或疲劳变形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVXV6mXe7SPvNflfCnOTCWp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、高压液态制冷剂通过毛细管进入蒸发器，迅速蒸发沸腾，同时发出“嘶嘶”的气流声音，并时常伴流水的声音，属于正常现象。如果听到蒸发器内有“叽叽”声，或者有断断续续的憋气声，故障通常为脏堵、油堵或者冰堵。周期性较长的断续喷气声一般为冰堵。若蒸发器内只有气流声，而且不结霜，说明系统内制冷剂基本漏完。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrLWD0EHCHvJoTVN1kMRWff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、冰箱有时发出断断续续的噪音，往往是由于冰箱支脚落地不稳，制冷系统管路相互碰撞以及压缩机与箱体底座螺丝松动等原因引起共振造成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLZwzlljENOlH35ZgFieXrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"听","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30294f9ba6be481c88faf7d06e00c77c","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn8P90UafDnZNs74C2D8GXCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"摸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM2RZiMpNMjMQ0KdEl215rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱正常运行时，制冷系统各个部分的温度通过触摸，可以对制冷系统状况有个大致的判断。(制冷系统各个部分的温度还受环境温度的影响，环境温度升高时，冷凝器、过滤器、回气管和压缩机的温度明显升高，反之，上述部分的温度明显降低。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndYwcYfH6Z2d5cWdvPYLQeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、压缩机运转时，触摸冷凝器上部，应很热(大于55℃)。如不热，可能是制冷系统漏气、堵塞或压缩机没有排气压力等故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX080bQQkNjzcRRbwty20ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、正常时，触摸干燥过滤器应有热的感觉(约55℃)。如制冷系统过脏，会造成干燥过滤器温度升高，对于刚刚维修过的冰箱，如果干燥过滤器温度过高，一般为毛细管阻流偏大，制冷剂充入量过大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7WdYkQoAQoxraqrLbtar7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、压缩机正常工作时，触摸压缩机回气管，应没有热感(接近于环境温度)。如果温度高，说明系统少制冷剂，管路微堵或系统中混入空气。如果感觉到冷或者有露水甚至结霜时，说明制冷剂充入量过多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqr8pMISoCF2fYYbIx2ZZ8u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、压缩机机壳的温度一般在70℃以下。即使在夏季，冰箱首次开机时，压缩机经过连续长时间的工作，机壳温度也不超过85℃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntm9iRuDjFICW1FKVRU5YOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、如果蒸发器上结的霜用手一摸就脱落(称为虚霜)，并且压缩机回气管结满霜，说明充入的制冷剂过多或新换的毛细管过粗、过短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXuGf8545ECWFwBXBYuu8R6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、用手触摸蒸发器表面，如果发现蒸发器结不满霜，说明系统制冷剂不足或毛细管半堵塞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwiHQcR48HTfy4dpSyZ9qg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"测试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4ODxyvcv4pk1McnJMAthb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过测量冰箱的温度、压力、开机与停机比、运转电流以及压缩机的绝缘电阻和直流电阻等，对冰箱进行检查。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7cbezAEoYCR4Qj71ynVhJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、测温度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6WXogl4pKo25IvhgolEOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用电机温度计测量电冰箱的温度。电冰箱的温度按国家标准吸气温度为三十二摄氏度，蒸发温度为负二十三摄氏度一下，排气温度为五十五摄氏度左右，过冷温度为三十二摄氏度左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyjiXYlKJwu7BPktdnqGuLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、冰箱靠近墙面放置会导致冰箱发烫，也不能在冰箱的周围覆盖东西，这样都会阻碍冰箱散热，使温度上升，应该保持冰箱有足够的空间散热。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn65enV6vuYNq0R7TkkldBjO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在使用冰箱的时候不要打开频繁，频繁的打开冰箱会让里的温度升高，加大冰箱的工作量，冰箱长期处于运转状态就会使温度更高的。这时要减少开冰箱的次数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CpPtwZQbDR0fIncjqS5wd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、停用之后特别是在夏季温度很高的时候，冰箱要达到设定的制冷温度会需要很长时间，长时间的运转就会使冰箱的温度升高，冰箱一旦使用最好不要停用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2PGaAuIGjQvDG4b9mh185e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、测压力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngraaA5d0S04XvgiL5CIdFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的正常压力值在0.03~0.08mpa。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiNmpcCIQuWxl9ysobbYrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a、吸气压力过高，通常由：制冷剂充入过多、新换毛细管过短、压缩机性能无法维持正常运行的原因引起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe8EuWTDTTPNVHhg8sy7ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"b、出现吸气压力为负压时，通常由：制冷剂不足、系统内有堵塞现象、新换毛细管太细、太长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNkIEiVLnABd0QIukFPRQzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、测量冰箱的开机与停机之比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsoTg7YFNMvstK8gKVZoiEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的开机与停机之比与它的制冷系统、保温性能、温控器性能、调节位置、环境温度、电路系统、冰箱内食品的多少以及开门次数等有着直接的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUoRfeIsiwmYP2KGInzf5Nf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、测量工作电流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYo8ZKFFX0frEwDPrE0VCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、如果工作电流大于额定电流，说明制冷剂充入量过多，制冷系统微堵、压缩机局部短路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7v3LzwcFTZcIxKCc4V5nJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果工作电流小于额定电流，说明制冷系统有泄漏或系统完全堵塞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHC1FsvpAH27LZxfR3YkbHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、测量绝缘电阻和直流电阻：(对于匝间短路不严重或匝间绝缘不良的电机绕组，用电阻测量方法很难分辨电机故障，因此只能采用测量工作电流的方法来判断)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwvoGqPbsgaspIM1dDAseeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缺少制冷剂，或蒸发器内有沉积的冷冻机油，导致压缩机效率降低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoExQDcKCKkyx42Pui1Emlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"测试","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e482bc810be430683921397fb3e4003","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnwIfRGODHCj6MYGuUvFiK9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱故障分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHkQsQMm6D4n139so2Nmsec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱的故障可分为电气系统故障和制冷系统故障两大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVbQIm8jFiq8qZhvaRv170e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrOyp1xLWVtLdAcx9xOstyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统主要包括温控部分和压缩机电动机控制部分。由此而引起的故障现象是电冰箱接通电源后压缩机不起动和接通电源后压缩机运转不停。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGVTAq6WiUCxXLr61b3wCec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先用万用表欧姆挡测量冰箱电源插头的阻值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhnIi0wV13W7cVU0JEwIYzF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机的三个接线端子以及与起动器之间的接线情况如图所示：C——公共端、M——运行端、S——起动端。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoThbrTjIZoYHDXYFrVnGFU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各绕组间直流电阻值如下：运行绕组C、M两端约10.5Ω；起动绕组C、S两端约22Ω；而运行和起动绕组阻值的和即S、M端的阻值约为32.5Ω。正常时电路所有的开关触点都接通，对于重锤起动器式的冰箱，因重锤式起动器触点未通电而未接通，回路阻值为压缩机运行绕组的阻值，一般为10—20Ω左右，对于PTC起动冰箱，回路的直流电阻为起动器20Ω阻值与起动绕组串联后再与运行绕组并联，所以其电阻略小于压缩机运行绕组的阻值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVafP4b5e9oChI0YEL3FPc4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过测得的阻值来判断电路的工作状态，阻值偏大时，要检查温度控制器、过载保护器、压缩机电动机以及线路和触点接触情况，阻值偏小时一般是短路，主要检查压缩机电动机及其线路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkoeKGVErOwcRIjxQx6Liye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYnnD1cpjoAbRpNW9tl4Kzd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/643e24ff1f1b41ad995da51094f1ff16","width":660},"text":"","id":"doxcnYqdNroiol4HzOjg5jUO6EP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要进一步判断还要对冰箱通电检查。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3mqIfzM4x1wVnQHzhawZbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通电前先检查温控器开关是否正常。如温度控制器装在电冰箱的冷藏室内，当放置的环境温度低于设计温度时不会起动运转，故有的冰箱设计了冬季补偿开关，补偿开关打开后则温度控制器感温管附近的加热器开始加热，强制升温使压缩机运转，目的是牺牲冷藏室的正常温度而保证冷冻室的温度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhaj7SCF5WIywOqdEeMS8af"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果温控器内的开关都正常，而通电后压缩机不起动，可用一根导线短接重锤式起动器的两个静触点，注意导线短接时间不要太长，以不超过2s为宜，时间长将会使起动绕组烧坏。如果短接后冰箱能起动，说明起动器有故障，重锤式起动器长期起动易使触点烧坏，测量时拆下起动器，用万用表欧姆RX1挡，将两表笔插入接线柱插孔内。起动器正着放时相当于正常运转状态，即未接通，万用表测量阻值为无穷大；将起动器倒过来时相当于起动状态，万用表指示为0Ω，则说明起动器是好的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUmkcnaV6RfIBSwJRiF5lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果用导线短接后仍不能起动，就需要检查保护器。可用短接法检查保护器，将保护器的两个接线铜片短接起来，如果冰箱能够起动运转，说明保护器有故障，可能是电热丝烧断或碟形双金属片受阻不能下翻，如果冰箱仍不能起动，则是压缩机或起动器有问题。检查时，把起动器和保护器拆下，露出电动机的三根接线柱。测每两个接线柱之间的电阻值，如正常，说明电动机绕组没有故障。如不正常，不要急于拆开压缩机，可以采用直接接通电源的方法进行检查。具体办法是：用带有电源插头的两根电源线接在M、C接线柱上，也就是运行绕组上，再用螺钉旋具作为导线同时碰触M和S端，然后把插头插入电源插座，如果电动机和压缩机没有故障，就会起动。起动2s左右，就要把螺钉旋具移开，电动机进入正常运转。如果检查压缩机能起动运转，说明电动机没有故障，故障发生在电动机外部，可能是外引线折断或接线柱接触不良，也可能是环境温度过低等。否则为压缩机故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPLuxWtcZzXyVmdgP3k4X2f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":857,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0bed9beb309e49fb8342669e8ebe7855","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcngqCxvEgP9JBumz8VYt4Fce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSXVMSNbno6Kquuinaccc8g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱不制冷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhHNoWHbz22U21pPredZsD1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱运转不停，但是不制冷，冷凝器不热，蒸发器不凉。这种故障一般出现在制冷系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSP9vugeca1BTjPWr3UU0Te"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可能原因是制冷剂泄漏，或者冰堵、脏堵，或是压缩机有故障。由于制冷系统是封闭的，所以可通过观察管路表面有无油污、用手触摸各部分的温度、耳听运行声音来检查。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0UWUfBwE6XXeKleDOoCpCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、检查管路表面是否有油污","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CnaqQrFsnfu8hmK8KRLlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仔细检查冷凝器、过滤器、毛细管、蒸发器；吸气管、压缩机外壳及管路结合处。如果发现有油污，说明制冷剂泄漏。这时可切开压缩机的工艺管。如果有少量的制冷剂喷出，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就进一步证明是制冷剂泄漏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIZM82qn885ywdr6P6YHzje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果没有油污，则需要进一步检查压缩机的温度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YwnPBxUvkxTvoqcXizYee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、检查压缩机的温度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNxYxW1Frug5Zk29riPocab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用手摸压缩机，如果压缩机的温度不太高，和运转时差不多，说明管路畅通，没有堵塞现象，而可能是高压缓冲管破裂、活塞穿孔、排气阀同吸气阀短路等。这时可切开高压排气管，排出制冷剂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXzYAiixr9JOIoJigymQexg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查压缩机开机时的情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eQaSf6KlAdg0VBXgovkvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切断电冰箱的电源，打开箱门；使制冷系统各个部件恢复到室温。然后接通电源，电冰箱启动运转。如果开始时蒸发器结霜较好，冷凝器发热，低压吸气管发凉；由冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声，但过一会儿，蒸发器结霜融化，只在毛细管同蒸发器结合部位结有少量霜；冷凝器不热，低压吸气管不凉，用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音，说明出现了冰堵。这时如果用热毛巾敷在毛细管同蒸发器的结合处，又能重新制冷，则进一步证实是冰堵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlmyzvlHqCiNqE6wS7xunfn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果开机的时候不见蒸发器结霜，冷凝器不热，低压气管不凉，用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音，则可以初步认为发生了脏堵。这时，可以切断高压排气管，排出制冷剂，用手指按住排气管，启动压缩机，如果手指感到有较大的压力，说明管路发生脏堵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUXAai1cfznydQNxKgx6wfc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱制冷效果差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndbxSAXKmgZQQFrBYFmNFEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱运转不停，但箱内温度达不到要求，制冷效果差。这可能是由于使用不当或箱门关闭不严造成的。也可能是制冷系统故障引起的。一般应先检查使用情况和箱门情况，再检查制冷系统。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3DG50oE32PJrWN4IfHjCHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、检查使用情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6dgmSMJS9OXTUwWxvPc0Kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先要了解环境温度。如果高于43℃，制冷效果差一些是正常的。如果环境温度不高，要打开箱门检查。如果箱内食品太多，特别是放入了温度高的食品，食品释放出大量的热量；或者打开箱门次数太多，外界热空气不断进人箱内，或者未及时化霜等，所有这些都会使电冰箱长时间运转不停，制冷效果差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXNyms9OfB72UV3ir5y0Ise"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、检查箱门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0gd3WeVsE7r5DGaJwF98Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱箱门关闭不严，热空气会从缝隙处不断进入箱内。这可能是磁性门封条失去磁性、老化变形，或是箱门翘曲造成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEVJG8hQ7UPsVyuQV7oKf1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查制冷系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3jZsCcN1MJq3RDdViVYSSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果使用情况正常，箱门又能关闭严密，那么制冷效果差的故障就出在制冷系统。由于制冷系统仍能工作，因此，可能是制冷剂部分泄漏、部分冰堵或部分脏堵，也可能是压缩机内部故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnF5QoxY1xYjXAsnrpgv7Aqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"检查的顺序是首先观察管路表面有无油污。如果有油污，说明制冷剂部分泄漏，这时可以切开工艺管，灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂，再次启动运转。如果运转正常，证明是制冷剂部分泄漏。如果管路表面没有油污，可检查开机时的情况。如果开机时制冷正常，蒸发器结霜良好，在电冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声，但过了一会儿制冷效果变差，只能听到微弱的气流声和流水声，说明是部分冰堵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcL1eCQjH9I86mcuyFGrTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果开机时制冷效果就差，用耳朵贴近冰箱上部只能听到微弱的气流声和水流声，这可能是脏堵或压缩机内部故障，需要进一步检查。这时，可切开工艺管，灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂，并接入气压表，启动压缩机。如果气压表所示气压下降到正常值（0.06～0.08MPa）以下，说明压缩机内部没有故障，只是管路有部分脏堵。如果气压下降到正常值以上，说明压缩机性能下降，严重时需要拆开压缩机详细检查和修理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnApdg0ZdtG7pl02D4SuWmvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果制冷系统混入空气，或者制冷剂充加过多或不足，都可能影响制冷效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnICVbn71S3uIrMNjh0nBdbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统中充加过多的制冷剂，会使过多的制冷剂在蒸发器内不能很好蒸发，液体制冷剂返回压缩机中，这样压缩机的吸气量减少，制冷系统低压端压力升高，又影响蒸发器内制冷剂的蒸发量；造成制冷能力下降。同时，过多的制冷剂会占去冷凝器的一部分容积，减少散热面积，使冷凝器的冷却效率降低，吸气压力和蒸发温度也相应提高，吸气管出现结霜现象。遇到这种情况，必须及时将多余的制冷剂排出制冷系统，否则不但不能提高降温效果，反而使压缩机有液击冲缸的危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnznrt1WNhFLyAsZZLXtM3Sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统充加的制冷剂过少时，会使蒸发器的蒸发表面积得不到充分利用，制冷量降低，蒸发器表面部分结霜，吸气管温度偏高。遇到这种情况，可以补充适量的制冷剂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUk8dyXa55UFxuMsXbZHWl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":678,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱制冷效果差","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/794c5d209f884986abeaf529057cdcae","width":1017},"text":"","id":"doxcn3588NWDqNcazqwijzNgq8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见故障及检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTWiyQjh9tAeVcmpFNBipCh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通电后电机不起动且无嗡嗡声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4CV1DNKlaUsXPYCvGkNane"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：保险熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2bEy1em1KI1NbAuR2JmzBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：按要求更换保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwMNBUm33UhyUV3OL1R2jd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：接线松脱，插头接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WqIie3C87Y5tUhFkE6Tmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查线路，接好松脱处，插好插头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP3t06oirBs3jyZb1G5So4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电机绕组短路、断路或转子卡死","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD35g80y5wxGSTJMiM0coVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修或重绕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ehpYcGMNUZ1RHQ8uvMqDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：起动继电器绕组烧断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1wuBF3fCeV1IJppEk24oIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmxpxX6KElKztT5LDhai0hY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：温控器开关未闭合，旋钮处于“0”（或停）位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUAb0mwe3YeIU2A5GTXZEyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整温控器开关，使其闭合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh5FN9uCD6aBH48JvxlpT5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：过载继电器的接触未闭合，或热电阻丝烧断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnphLu8L8MJF4yMU2XNoKG3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查并调整使触点闭合，更换电阻丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YeL63N40wGoAEGwrPg6Sg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通电后电机不起动但有嗡嗡声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmyOLJaNXdF2nYPjnf8Nhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：电源电压过低（低于187V）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEhNJjmNP353AcI7IAdPl9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拔下电源插头，等电压正常后再插上，或加装稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6ndEI5MiZRoXKiZS8lIZze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：起动继电器未闭合或接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxdWLiLTe0abyjAq7b7K5Cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2O3bW4s97CoJk1MtmWwGJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电机起动绕组断路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWIPTtQJK3wP2VY5EVfw2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重绕起动绕组","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnafGNczFvvxvXLNOMnXBTXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：起动电容器短路、短路或失效","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjJiJ3x3RUVaC1leefIeXte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换或检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ006MJvSPbRCwNOlEYam5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：压缩机负荷过重或制冷剂充灌过多","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmKwdxEsxDTpYJO3QixomHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新调整或减少制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKigEh2IuTJwxturoZgBRzf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"完全不制冷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYXzEbbMmCVEmPhy698Yrr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：电源插头松动或脱落","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfl1EgOHjr40MdIkOibiKSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新插好电源插头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8jYyCnhe59EiyjtGfRWLYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电源保险丝熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4HkFv0mwDcVe36dfqn623b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：按要求更换保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3YTREKbb4CnmTNrJYpqX2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：停电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6idjipNb6Y5fzRRPDOUb1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：待恢复供电时再使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSFG4IhtK74ZGembA4z5a0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：电源电压过低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2ndc5L66EonYLJZzhYx0Xe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拔下电源插头，待电压正常后再插上或加装稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPQXXVziNczeW30mkH2xxGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：温度控制钮在“0”（或“停”）的位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2KfbRr9hhxfPCWzP3tW2af"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整温控器旋钮，使其处于某一适当位置，开关触点闭合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfjcgLLNOhELM6hM2AbYTU5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：过载保护断电器断路或起动继电器触点接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUKqKLyeP5FMmvgXqgP3CTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSHP7YKGxafmDiIdPeYLqlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：压缩机卡死或电动机故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjweN2w5zp8fn3ghAUsuOFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6rblKfqLQeQBvGHtBXoJ4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、制冷剂漏失或毛细管堵塞、干燥过滤器脏堵","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngny6VZEORjhOuRE8YLhlxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5jzWBE9zLo0X2HP0G4aiSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"完全不制冷","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/030d370d68284527a73d94657104121b","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnY7nekWfGvQ2V0goiSL5E2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷藏室温度偏高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZq2vX0HHcYjVFFInrnm3Lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：温控器旋钮调得不合适（数字过小）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnigpCakp8Nw0ON1Lu4fBuFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ0nxYWnIHkuNOefUgzXaFv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电冰箱受阳光直射、接近热源或冷凝器较脏，散热不佳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvAxszQTaZhrUwWb3aGHMPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新放置电冰箱，清洁冷凝器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX3T9XC563Fg1d8KB2k1VCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：冷藏室放置食物过多、过密或放入热的食物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkGKXK7Sk1YlJnSumxAL0g7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：减少与重新放置贮存食物，留出适当空隙，热的食物放凉后再放入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0wJqudZGJ2N0RDmGo8kbst"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Dp9t3WWZLyvZkvDi0XSqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKvJveuQs4ivofFJzB8VVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：蒸发表面结霜过厚（超过5mm）或结冰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndUhVL0ccTHbkQLHR75fMag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：将霜或冰化掉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlpremv4p9XYeoGqfaT7W9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：门封不严","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEMVz0KCvMC6xg6jacRISg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修并适当调平箱体（稍后仰）使门封严密","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVFKqcKgGPS4K9JMwXB92Pg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：箱内照明灯不熄灭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxpv8ZNDq8KrBHMKzQfOu4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修照明灯开关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniNpyTFlP1Sk8ifEGg37h8u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因：冷藏室温控风门温控器失控，使风门开不大或风扇不转","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpV6XqeEcBTw4Vvb40EC5cf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9JSLhqWBve30O6I0UElNtb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、故障原因：压缩机阀门损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDXCSVzwkbTiLsQqPeRxCLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2lvCwTyZe8sW7qUBC40Qzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷藏室温度过低而使上层食品被冻结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6fzBZO3yYXI4mG8vcO4ekg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：室温偏低而温控器调得不合理（数字太大或调到强冷点、不停点）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWOjnCgkqxRcds3iwlSkOHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较小的位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGy7ZXsd6oxhhnlIosD50de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：温控器触点粘连不停车或感温管失控","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1SS9NAOBN5q0OkwfsRVcm2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 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排除方法：更换温度补偿加热器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYzAfSFXpZpLppfKR9hvce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室温度偏高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOHDpYor75ggd9qjhT4uLre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：室温偏高而温控器旋钮调得不合理（数字过小）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnviuWlQ9tCVb8SGH33kZ8CH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYyQlhNQAlS1qcZeEXMMFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBwC1hx4YhxNCEYIX5SOjdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQR7zskUfsnJOyxXwj6abQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：门封不严","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5NHewDwUx8hxNljthUw0cG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修门封，使其严密","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnF9oGBYIdcgvPrNMLv6giSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：制冷剂漏失","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngz1q4hpaoZKyiooufKFhOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：找出漏洞，放气补焊，再抽真空重新灌入制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuW0Q3oHCWR2WJ4I4uvVTOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：充灌制冷剂过多或过少","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvZPe8ohVVTTAL8faRSstwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新调整或充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4nSc1Qog6peiqmNTGyz4Mg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：压缩机制冷效率下降","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKaifz1EO8gJItbDlxIlEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拆修压缩机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn2VgHek5RAGq7OF3oy2xNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：翅片蒸发器被冰箱堵塞或毛细管堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlkpwLbFqTXv3cttZcnW4vg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：确定原因后检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzKeK4OyjCWSFOwWIdgnclh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因：冷风循环风扇不转或运转不正常","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlKhQuLsYJUUqr9XyOuIEcf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjrP2tqkrRVWJFcQRNTy9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、故障原因：结霜厚而未清除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjZcOSuUvp08reA89p0DIwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：清除结霜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZMJ7979WWRFnBmJfB5I5gb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机长时间运转不能自动停机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUpSeywf754kSnj4pHjRWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：箱内一次性放入过多温度较高的食品或连续冻结大量冰块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSN4ghXZaylJCV9Zhz7EOhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：适当减少放入食物，并放凉后再放入，减少冻冰量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsMdjXgKd5CSehFnOf8GuUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVHmLRQ6yuEOUqN8gneeCUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cTSksBB5ANzpKK2RtEsLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：温控器误调到不停点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXnS6zPRmdtg7szVKLZnq6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：按需要重调温控器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5FhJokrRHooh2QdYHwoUKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：制冷剂漏失","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm1MRP44gvy8nrKV0O8siuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：找出漏孔，放气补焊，再抽真空，重新充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncTPoTv9afud0bcNgWX9iKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：毛细管被杂质污物堵塞（脏堵）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9Pndi41OQ8jKz8isAUMave"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：用热毛巾敷裹毛细管解冻或更换毛细管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYszDHYHmtdtL8bKw9nprc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：毛细管被冰堵塞（冰堵）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngcipKal4gEqem5ZuArkfid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：放掉制冷剂，烘干分子筛过滤器，重新抽真空后充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR9RgulDnOyV6KDB7w3IBDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱环境温度过高（大于40度）或空气对流受阻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIxg8zdfcc0PqxtpQJ9nzmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调换放置位置，改善空气对流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlAJcAMrT0027oQsu6cezyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因：温控器触点粘连或或感温管松动失控","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0es51Bb4VjJ3vjWhL5tyyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：断电后将温控器旋至“停”点再旋回原定点通电。若仍不正常，则更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX750SxBVo589G7YVQJpCF3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、故障原因：箱壁或门壁隔热层中流入水或结冰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4LWwZItTpYYC2mToBGRfhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：干燥隔热层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1zcHExrxBkCEozIvh8ojdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时噪声大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0DWTkRXx9KD19drNDEfCze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：箱体未放平稳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS4Z1xZqEfFaohZk11ORTxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新调平放稳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhlfDzVRxrDXFgvo4iL8nkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电冰箱背后与其他物件或墙壁触碰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbYiLaj7Q257tJxJuJXXFyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：适当调整位置或物件，使它们脱离触碰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Vp4ZJvFbcMYv0UpjPcTbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电冰箱背部的接水盘脱离原位置而振动发声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMI8u9f13FT19TCabMlfxIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新放好接水盘，并垫上泡沫塑料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA5Z0zOtm5mvKLAqGSYm5sc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：风扇与其他部件碰撞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIK9PUuuDq6C9YaPG8wXJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：移动风扇位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO7xY5qZiv5o76XCuMtcOae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：管道与箱件碰撞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5lyRfUQodAYzFlDj1yzlog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：挪动管道，拧紧固定螺丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9VtylKHlRq4vfcozz0HtYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：压缩机减振胶垫压得过紧或老化变硬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzq0W6ZLtc17yGmMoVXP0pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调松或列换胶垫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsLfctylxbh2ArwMRTqQrPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：压缩机内部噪声大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntgqYl3VSxUctb56hEVkTOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拆修或压缩机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKlvbiV06fJY1ynxQi6URVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpqEBLLlhZbK8tZYVkGU3Te"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：制冷剂泄露使制冷效果变差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0wq8JKP99XzOQZd21JN9hd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查漏补焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmp2U5RkekHuXWB2BdBr8Cf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：温控器旋钮误调在强冷档，达到最低温度需要压缩机长期运转","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5DmqCmpbP5kBMGfvTFGQhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器旋钮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFHC6wlroQjIEKXUsXwivuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：箱门未关闭，漏入热量多，使压缩机运转时间长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsc1pcw1GmnPsQ7bIW3dfad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查门封，关严箱门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0P7DQ9AM17fBEmcEG7CGig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：制冷剂充灌得过多，制冷效果差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAuegor14l9O9FZpVHltnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整毛细管长度或重调制冷剂量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3RnNGP92mOJzsh94Okd3ge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：环境温度偏高，散热效果差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoxoKmijgJ7ncnRSDSblaeh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：改善电冰箱周围散热条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny88WU1Qa0ZoHZDD2likDZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：电冰箱内放入过多食品，热负荷过大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3sTvznD9mF5nSJ5646Cqsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整放入食品的数量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUslSKPnVAYw3TSZkpnBrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：压缩机进、排气阀有漏气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gqygV8jXe0hsmKyb4rB7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拆修或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxEZrGIiKl2NxWlq17H87mc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":675,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77cfcaad1f2441ebb3e52fd99dd1c2f0","width":1012},"text":"","id":"doxcnefTmHlUwjWxpwMjJjYcJvc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱内温度正常但压缩机起动频繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0DtpePWC9UoaxzbWGzK6Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：感温管与蒸发器接触不良，未靠近蒸发器，使感温失真","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngIBMQmfVxYDiWsYmk52dDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调感温管位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnglpBcpV5TWx4W6BN1dLuqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：起动触点接触不良，时断时通","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvlfY7qFuVSWwS4SZe8xUgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整触点连接铜片，使其接触可靠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOv2jNMHnnWWhYoAEu5Eb2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：温控器旋钮位置不当","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns1WEI47zkF06d5DnJya0Gh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器至合适位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngxtSNEMhuOP8PIzXi3RQLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：过载安全保护继电器接点与电热丝位置过近","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqxDjLKQrXlcScxYTVfmwse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新调整过载螺钉，使两者相距适当","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaorAQdMBJnUdZzDypyN1Pa"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱能制冷但箱内照明灯不亮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4OznEnTGE9GuAZp5kOGzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：灯泡损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCEsiYCuMr3Ctl0Qo2lbeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换相同规格的灯泡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYtrqmygIbeAmZe20luZ6qb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：照明灯泡与灯座接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvbPBhXi4bLWUlJx7HrEnOT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：将灯泡拧紧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnApCT725awBmLsISlMaUxlZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：照明灯电路断线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn56P7GIb3uHTfWkdkLNFc9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查出断线处并修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWLRo0MjXzQkUK1y4JuiIsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：门灯开关接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRcd8Lx0DJz19Wj3qXrcrWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拆开灯开关，重新调整弹簧压力，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"使其接触良好","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWpSdpdT3O3Zc9raPqPR7ze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"照明灯不亮且压缩机不工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyveXEMQR4zB7wowUgDXtLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：保险丝熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn16VyuJDOOx2NYC8T1M6eCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查出原因，更换同规格新保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAJlVFHlxBo3RDSrmfkdl2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电源插头与插座连线断路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbOnqiZF3EWLAfvXJAd3SEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查出断线处，修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz7cywZ6JYvQnOq7fk06npe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电源插头接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0pCSA8Z17Y9HUZsXPytQoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整接触或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncChJJqq4pN49EIIEvx8kpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：停电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLz7tOQHUHxFfSBxBedn6cg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拨下电源插头，待来电时再工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwzkcEov84vfKvVBArrcT6c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"门将关上时照明灯不熄灭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYYyHARx05o2sFninYiPDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：门灯开头失灵","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTUGJ2EPB1FvZmRQlCt6r4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSHFLN1US5SG5CEo2x5dCef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：开关位置不对，关门时未能压下按钮，以切断照明灯电路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTWnp1rmIWyJBLU1y7kAvPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整门灯开头位置（包括温控器位置），使开头正常工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHai9B7gH0u62I9OxtwrhMh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"温控器置于通常使用位置时保险丝熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOfaG4fqE5b6NaLfb3fuVdd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：包括电冰箱在内的家电电器总负荷已超过保险丝的额定电流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuf3v9wOX1Htzdt9Olq9Amf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：在家用小火表、布线等容量允许的前提下，适当加大保险丝规格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNpV5y0o5zgFFIxweKQ8QSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：单相交流电动机起动电容损坏而产生短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqMxhy8sxCN9HWpRqCgJoMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换新的同规格电容器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcXZETtz1RBCLUindzzeqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：起动继电器触点粘连","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjrh5fG2cfrzWXOTpKjwtWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPEHJO0ALT0Hh4ca0DB3rxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：压缩机定子线圈或电源插头短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCZ0VVTRoJyYgvN13l3Gxvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查明原因后修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncJKeQxGwiU8qoLNm2r0Bmg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱放置处积水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5fP7GLKiRYR674zJXVXCbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：泄水系统堵塞或软管破裂，使融霜水从冷藏室内溢出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEJWblrApFIFLXWhGspiYS2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查出原因，排去堵塞物或更换软管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1Q88GOdNttgeoa5lMndFPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：接水盒（盆）中融霜水过满而溢出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAHBjTDDWc56nsZiDX6WxQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：及时倒掉接水盒（盆）中水，有自动蒸发皿者，检查有关加热蒸发装置有否故障，并排除之","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN9CUbkta5J2vsVqO3ANJgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：滤水器堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNpPfMCQT2Fa8yZRUooVOnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：排除堵塞物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9OF7kdQkGpeCubnp04i3je"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：环境空气过于潮湿，遇冷凝结成水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEU53OxGIkqyLcVbrbI8crb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：改善放置环境，使其干燥通风（就冰箱而言，此并非故障）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ1UUuGyZ73GwOiZrUdfTDg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室封条被冻住","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn58iRzxXNti6aUC3P0cmx3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：门封条损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx7aKhPDGgO1rfy1T8gE1M4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：用热毛巾或电吹风对门封条冻结处加热，待门拉开后，再修复或更新封条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnShYchiXuDROWpBNXadrdBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：设有门封电热丝的电冰箱，门封电热丝失效","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnF2DtAlkEQ0im7zzace8pXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拉开门后，更换门封电热丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjMOtSDuITRmSFDDJchwSwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室封条被冻住","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eefe92d152bf45f6acceed01000b7112","width":1023},"text":"","id":"doxcnOnCNX3iPdt3TWLvXs3RQ9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开箱门有难闻臭味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno7OWvINLHcIEZOaIDnMEYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：电冰箱内有腐败的残渣、废物、剩水等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXXFyI3IxOCNEAMgtglaSuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：彻底清扫，可用清洁剂或苏打水清洗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnylcCRShdDFhecVHohIsksc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：存放有浓味的羊肉、牛肉等食品而未用保鲜膜或塑料袋封装，使气味扩散","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnenZwc4HyeDpNmMPR4l7xmi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：用保鲜膜、塑料袋（或瓶、罐）封装食品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHemAoC9lxRT9LxQjhBlI4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：制冷剂泄漏数量很多，使其影响贮存食物的质量，产生异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPOJazv5dagsxY85RSxVBeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检漏、修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACpmgKZbXVtN11K8ebMnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：箱壁隔热层破损，水蒸汽侵入造成腐烂变质而产生怪味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmBzK5QY4jm062H3ocardCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换隔热层或内胆、注意防潮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxfnyLs8siwmFjmbSNb3u1Y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：电冰箱久置未用，而又未稍打开箱门，造成启用后有霉味散出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1BDLwVPXcyqW7yvlXSj9mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：清洁、同时用市售除臭剂清除电冰箱内的异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoYYI9rL0TeVZvJIgIDrajf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻食品变味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVLQeosbOgfXtko9Xfubh2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：冷冻食品未用塑料袋或保鲜纸严密包装而串味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ7nikYsAC9p7FL76hWkxeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：冷冻食品应使用烹袋或保鲜膜封装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsBlcvRW1jRDgmElpIkEVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：制冷剂严重泄漏，被冷冻食品吸收而产生异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGFGfVHn1lznMAD15Z8M7Ob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检漏、补焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNUjQcLSXVqur2exHHvgYMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：隔热层材料破损，其气味为冷冻食品所吸收","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkyNS7HqjcSyxZryHNlG58b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换隔热层或内胆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPVGtK1tkChepidKEGxT8Yc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：冰盘在制冰前未洗净，融霜水滴入，而使冰块味不正","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4TLAryKU9MgPT0zWFMqoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：制冷前先洗净制冰盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL10b7ffzS2VwMSUC3XkUgd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电动机运转中过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTcLjxiL4KG7hjPmBu3EUze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：制冷剂充灌过多或有空气存在，致使排气压力过高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX37td7z426Tnxz3DbSQz9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修、抽真空并排除多余制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFCcWnS1ivwZMwLiNc2yoze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：毛细管或干燥过滤器堵塞，使电动机负载增大而过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb5i3VkH7LJHNCnFnkOlXIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查、排堵或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnzjkWGyzcclqRnGe8TRlwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电压过低","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（低于187V），使工作电流增大而电机过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneOADGpUGKAuCo9erjnPBYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：待电压正常时再工作，或采用稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrxcf1lO7PsnERy2xJuJllf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：起动电容器损坏，使电动机难起动或转速慢，起动电流剧增而引起电机过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWirgjAKqjWzHEaJYPcfIoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换新电容器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOeb0whGoLJMtM3K3y8aNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：电动机轴承损坏或部分绕组短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwP0VSneQ8sPFGdzxenORkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换轴承，拆修或重绕电机绕组","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJIL5AkPkW9zY0KvjjATwFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：蒸发器或冷凝器管道中有堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTjxzmXz9mgHaTMOF94e2td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查后排除堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiJy4KwQamHdCuhCUnk5jD"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"有电线烧焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFDdi9ZkIjhlpnxJlpGEMRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：电源线被压在箱底下，使电线短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwLpgvFcgDe8a2qMRrGexQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：取出电源线，更换或修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwlkIr2snBPKxhzyefj0IE0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电源线贴在冰箱压缩机外壳，因高温致使塑胶线绝缘层烤出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBAcxXqlawLq44K86LpUnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：移开电源线，并修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7iZXoyGjtHCa3pwGVge9pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电动机起动继电器线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGDEjWfn3v4IQwmVfoyTEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查并拆修、更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBoD51d6G4iewXot9FaWJPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：全自动化霜定时温控器线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGKWGlCcXO79gEmm266LZyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查并拆修、更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6VKUbwHGjBtQduZrRnVd7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：压缩机线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2WYNbjPAwIw7nzdkRwSmz0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查并重绕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWiQXKsv9NygXFekPu3dlMd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"接触箱体或开门时有麻电感","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBIxeqMe3vcJYAUpPSdUDFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱未设接地线，或接地线障碍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLvFPBktBsWzZoMStlSJgmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：加接接地线，或检查修整，使接地可靠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVqIJ4JldwJ3QEHRSvyQ4gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：因严重受潮，致使机壳与电器部件的绝缘性能降低（与地绝缘电阻小于2MΩ）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjf5B4kTRHPaTPti0wNMOnW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：擦干或烘干潮湿机电件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXISG8wP3maWANg5DbA4jdd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"接触箱体或开门时有麻电感","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4e796d04d1b34e41810dc8fdf61ee347","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnuhBxfZj6n5dVHvqcdWfX2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ54whxRLLaBuEtC2ptDmUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定期适当保养可以延长冰箱的使用寿命。保养冰箱前务必拔下电源插头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0DqmLBxmdQHJ9FY06YrN6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、经常清理冰箱背面或底部冷凝器和压缩机上的灰尘。可使用吸尘器或毛刷除尘。注意不要用湿布去擦冷藏器和压缩机上灰尘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYTUz1taPkHYUkwokfRoFFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、冰箱长期停用时，应先切断电源，取出箱内一切食品，将箱内外清理干净，敞开箱门数日，使箱内充分干燥并散掉冰箱内的异味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnT5dCGWqs1EdhlR8dkVOhig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查排水管。如果排水管堵塞，水就会漏到冰箱内。要用铁丝捅一捅排水管，除去积在排水管上的东西。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAg8ecsLozNcFC9l09M9fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不要忽略门封胶条的清洗，将漂白剂用10倍的水稀释后用牙刷蘸湿清洗，最后用水将漂白剂冲去。胶条脏污易老化，会影响冰箱的密封性，增加耗电量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbrLiFsJSRqj9FTKlsNr4Mg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、检查振动、噪音以及压缩机的温度。运行中摸压缩机外壳，不应有明显的振动感，白天不应听到压缩机明显启动的声音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1gDMBIMUmDKOvYSJDCu8sh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、注意检查电源线上是否有裂缝，防止漏电。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUngeQm1vHwJ9Vp8RLUnVKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、用温水或中性洗涤剂将冰箱内外清洗并擦干，敞开冰箱门通风干燥一天。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn9WYJxUztYlZaYYGyjCbId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"清洁冰箱外壳最好每天进行，用微湿柔软的布每天擦拭冰箱的外壳和拉手。清理内胆前先切断电源，把冰箱冷藏室内的食物拿出来。软布蘸上清水或食具洗洁精，轻轻擦洗，然后蘸清水将洗洁精拭去。拆下箱内附件，用清水或洗洁精清洗。清洁冰箱的“开关”、“照明灯”和“温控器”等设施时，请把抹布或海绵拧得干一些。内壁做完清洁后，可用软布蘸取甘油(医用开塞露)擦一遍冰箱内壁，下次擦的时候会更容易。用酒精浸过的布清洁擦拭密封条。如果手边没有酒精，用1：1醋水擦拭密封条，消毒效果很好。用吸尘器或软毛刷清理冰箱背面的通风栅，不要用湿布，以免生锈。清洁完毕，插上电源，检查温度控制器是否设定在正确位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxehISNKIm5no6DilzP59q1"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":611,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的保养","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a91a9402ffb74b6fbe0b585d18f6e4b0","width":1023},"text":"","id":"doxcn2gxcQEKJL7Z1P4cAUCfEGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI7VOXPUIfm3nHIFx6FDcmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5OwY90zX2vOfpRqkYEoyoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwcYInXceRWi2hOVnZ2qsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfRTAOcciUec7U6oYRHMJSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiYxXP3kuqPmPEKNtGBcth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAY45mD2gHY5oOn3yZserSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTJcexeQAm7SN7qtfF4YNXi"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E烘焙师资格证怎么考？
烘焙师是指西点师、面包师、蛋糕师或者从事烘焙行业的技术人员，需要考取的证书就是厨师资格证下面的西式面点师证，一共有5级：初级（五级）、中级（四级）、高级（三级）、技师（二级）、高级技师（一级）。
考试基本信息
考试介绍
烘焙师是专门从事西点烘焙食品师傅的总称。
烘焙师是指西点师、面包师、蛋糕师或者从事烘焙行业的技术人员，需要考取的证书就是厨师资格证下面的西式面点师证。如果想要考取资格证，可以自己在劳动保障局缴费报名，也可以去专业学校学习，学校会统一组织考证。考试通过后，便能够拿到相应的证书。
并且这些证书是国家认可的，去到国外也是认可的。有了烘焙师资格证以后，在找工作方面会更有优势，就业机会更多，同时有了证书以后也有了升值加薪的依据。
等级划分
烘焙师资格证级别越高，代表你的烘焙能力和技术也越高。烘焙师职业资格证等级不同，代表了一名烘焙师具备不同的技术水平，这是一名烘焙师技术高低较为直接的表现。
烘焙证书主要分五个等级，分别是：初级（国家职业资格五级）、 中级（国家职业资格四级）、高级（国家职业资格三级）、技师（国家职业资格二级）、高级技师（国家职业资格一级）。
报考条件
1、初级（国家职业资格五级）：需要1年以上从业年限。
2、中级（国家职业资格四级）：需要2年以上从业年限。
3、高级（国家职业资格三级）：需要4年以上从业年限。
4、技师（国家职业资格二级）：需要8年以上从业年限。
5、高级技师（国家职业资格一级）：需要15年以上从业年限。
考试内容
1、初级（国家职业资格五级）：需要考核公共知识。
2、中级（国家职业资格四级）：需要在规定时间内独立制作3个品种，并且考核公共知识。
3、高级（国家职业资格三级）：需要在规定时间独立制作并完成4个品种，需要考核公共知识以及500字以上的心得体会。
4、技师（国家职业资格二级）：需要在规定时间内独立制作并完成5个品种，需要考核公共知识及3000字以上的论文，并需要答辩。
5、高级技师（国家职业资格一级）：需要在规定时间能独立制作并完成6个品种，需要考核公共知识和2000字的论文，并需要答辩。
另外，不同级别的烘焙师对于考生的工作教程也是有要求的，需要大家有针对地进行复习备考。
考试时间
每年统考一共有五次，时间为4月、6月、8月、10月和12月。具体的考试日期、地点、要求等等，由考生所在地的考试机构或培训机构另行通知。
考试形式介绍
考试由各省市的人力资源和社会保障局统一出题，考点一般设置在指定的正规烘焙培训职业技能学校。理论考试为机考，实操考试为动手操作。
合格标准
【理论考试和实操考试】均为60分及格。
证书领取
经职业技能鉴定、认证考试合格者，颁发加盖职业技能鉴定专用章钢印的《注册职业资格证书》。权威证书，政府认可。一般三个月即可拿到证书。
经国家整顿，目前含金量最高的发证单位如下：
1、由经国家人力资源和社会保障部认定批准的第三方机构颁发，不是所有省市都有这种考试机构。
2、由国家轻工业联合会颁发，考试地点经由中国焙烤食品糖制品工业协会总站批准下的基地进行。
备考方法
备考资料
公共知识
公共知识是每个级别的烘焙师资格证考试都需要涉及的科目，常考的内容并不多，掌握一些必要的理论知识即可，比如：烘培的具体步骤、选择烘焙温度需要考虑的因素、甜味剂在烘培中的作用、鸡蛋的功能、蛋糕油的工艺性能等。
实操考试制作
1、西式饼干与甜点制作：各类曲奇饼干（如黄油曲奇、巧克力曲奇、棋盘曲奇、DIY曲奇）、手指饼干、牛奶小西饼、泡芙、蛋挞等；
2、欧式蛋糕与小西点制作：戚风蛋糕、海绵蛋糕、天使蛋糕、虎皮蛋糕、纸杯蛋糕、瑞士蛋糕卷、大理石蛋糕、蜂巢蛋糕、巧克力蛋糕、蜂蜜千层蛋糕等；
3、流行面包制作：软餐包、早餐包、菠萝面包、毛毛虫面包、火腿玉米面包、水果调理面包、吐司面包、红豆吐司、枣沙吐司、椰蓉吐司、地中海面包、奶酪面包、北海道面包、肉松面包等；
4、裱花装饰与生日蛋糕制作：各种形状的蛋糕胚制作、奶油打发、祝福语装饰、果膏装饰、各种蛋糕裱花、主题生日蛋糕创意制作等。
考前准备工作
公共知识
机考，学校会发题库，考前刷两遍题轻松通过无压力。建议大家仔细阅读题干知识，特别注重题干中的“除了.......”“不属于......”“包含......”等，认真答题。
实操
上课记好笔记，记得穿防滑舒适的鞋子，工具和厨师服每次都带好，想把上课做好的成品带回家给家人品尝的话记得准备保鲜袋或保鲜盒。
考试品种随机抽取5个品种，考试前几天会有考前辅导，这时候把考试抽到的品种全部熟悉一遍。
考前辅导时把正式考试要用到的原料称好，一个品种装好小袋子，贴上便签，备注好放料顺序、重点步骤、烤箱温度、烘烤时间、考试品种操作流程：和面包面团（兼果冻制作）-排、派、塔-饼干-蛋糕（考试时这样的制作顺序最科学省时）
建议大家注意黄油搓发不要太夸张，因为考场里室温会比较高。
在烘烤前要调试好烤箱温度。
要记清楚原料归属，不要在同时操作多种产品的时候将原料弄混。
记住一切为了产品美好的外观服务。
成品一定要烤熟再交给评审老师，监考老师很好，不要紧张。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙师是指西点师、面包师、蛋糕师或者从事烘焙行业的技术人员，需要考取的证书就是厨师资格证下面的西式面点师证，一共有5级：初级（五级）、中级（四级）、高级（三级）、技师（二级）、高级技师（一级）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQWMKMg4MKS2MSwraBWZ9cb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试基本信息","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMwkuOguW22KgkC4pc19QP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLPsNO6sDDoigQ5IsaNncWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙师是专门从事西点烘焙食品师傅的总称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsoKEEIeo0GaS8f724rY98g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙师是指西点师、面包师、蛋糕师或者从事烘焙行业的技术人员，需要考取的证书就是厨师资格证下面的西式面点师证。如果想要考取资格证，可以自己在劳动保障局缴费报名，也可以去专业学校学习，学校会统一组织考证。考试通过后，便能够拿到相应的证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uaWqysYQkqyknyusAHDzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并且这些证书是国家认可的，去到国外也是认可的。有了烘焙师资格证以后，在找工作方面会更有优势，就业机会更多，同时有了证书以后也有了升值加薪的依据。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWuEEeEycq2CyJ5vQ7OM1x"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/51c50bf255674023b8c4c5005c0347ee","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnGWiUog6mWoeugHVoamyZvh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"等级划分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2weNmep19t8OXGwJ5cyZhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙师资格证级别越高，代表你的烘焙能力和技术也越高。烘焙师职业资格证等级不同，代表了一名烘焙师具备不同的技术水平，这是一名烘焙师技术高低较为直接的表现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmQ4Zat7bqtrj9AnBvauvof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙证书主要分五个等级，分别是：初级（国家职业资格五级）、 中级（国家职业资格四级）、高级（国家职业资格三级）、技师（国家职业资格二级）、高级技师（国家职业资格一级）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc0SmaKiOuQggmmRuupmWwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvkwZ9ARRDaVarETXgYFoTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、初级（国家职业资格五级）：需要1年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3oEWi1wq6UgJD0BxVX7Z5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中级（国家职业资格四级）：需要2年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn39roVcEehfXLycSRlQl9Cg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、高级（国家职业资格三级）：需要4年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngLWXHySJFJ4UCzfpMgYm9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、技师（国家职业资格二级）：需要8年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQtR12JHMvzLtNaqdYEpQjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、高级技师（国家职业资格一级）：需要15年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OB7Wc3HD50zblqYuA2rle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eeyATLoz2YyWL7e8vW3rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、初级（国家职业资格五级）：需要考核公共知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzE5QM0quk9VR9J9gYwc7ab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中级（国家职业资格四级）：需要在规定时间内独立制作3个品种，并且考核公共知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIpTpM20I2vNY5mt7Ghxlj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、高级（国家职业资格三级）：需要在规定时间独立制作并完成4个品种，需要考核公共知识以及500字以上的心得体会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2irr5ymZ3I9tIu6HUMjPuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、技师（国家职业资格二级）：需要在规定时间内独立制作并完成5个品种，需要考核公共知识及3000字以上的论文，并需要答辩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDrbWejrV7voMZu65cu9JNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、高级技师（国家职业资格一级）：需要在规定时间能独立制作并完成6个品种，需要考核公共知识和2000字的论文，并需要答辩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0KXVD1AnLSkjrK3C7cnIzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，不同级别的烘焙师对于考生的工作教程也是有要求的，需要大家有针对地进行复习备考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sQIQFsfmDopj68X8JqEJb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"考试内容","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77eaaedd394a4ab7b52d5cc4d4a7cb05","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnuGCAEKakkCqiMt6VDGc66f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBkdXtxBtfNPLvPC9c5Esyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每年统考一共有五次，时间为4月、6月、8月、10月和12月。具体的考试日期、地点、要求等等，由考生所在地的考试机构或培训机构另行通知。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsS08dokLQ1TFCRZt7r0qiJ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试形式介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP9b5wEWa4u6KWe1DYv9kK3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试由各省市的人力资源和社会保障局统一出题，考点一般设置在指定的正规烘焙培训职业技能学校。理论考试为机考，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"实操考试为","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"动手操作","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnT4q5lUnah4BIPC6ZEJZXlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"合格标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnltOxNUFMK3tASn7D040NVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【理论考试和实操考试】均为60分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqgWKceKSc6w6L3gPMPR8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgxGz56WrpM7XMCUC15opb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经职业技能鉴定、认证考试合格者，颁发加盖职业技能鉴定专用章钢印的《注册职业资格证书》。权威证书，政府认可。一般三个月即可拿到证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcninNyc2ut8lWh5kWBebtnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经国家整顿，目前含金量最高的发证单位如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0eCgSMwGaGmUAF36d0dvHk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、由经国家人力资源和社会保障部认定批准的第三方机构颁发，不是所有省市都有这种考试机构。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8cEiwUkIyuyqM5HsiZwhve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、由国家轻工业联合会颁发，考试地点经由中国焙烤食品糖制品工业协会总站批准下的基地进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQM0SW4w4O006H44s798Dd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc4b675fdd5b4b2999e334889d128147","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcn4s4KCqaAyaYmOaG0InPeLe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUX5a52T1yJ9DB53R728U3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASiWoG0qwgeOMvlPJEqMjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQvNMoHzJZQAMH38cgcYXVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共知识是每个级别的烘焙师资格证考试都需要涉及的科目，常考的内容并不多，掌握一些必要的理论知识即可，比如：烘培的具体步骤、选择烘焙温度需要考虑的因素、甜味剂在烘培中的作用、鸡蛋的功能、蛋糕油的工艺性能等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvzUXrlS8yH1bD0b4LhK3Oe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"实操考试制作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnIsUBWeFz15FG99kIrjcNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、西式饼干与甜点制作：各类曲奇饼干（如黄油曲奇、巧克力曲奇、棋盘曲奇、DIY曲奇）、手指饼干、牛奶小西饼、泡芙、蛋挞等；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqQytrPTQaq7pYP5i4Gmjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、欧式蛋糕与小西点制作：戚风蛋糕、海绵蛋糕、天使蛋糕、虎皮蛋糕、纸杯蛋糕、瑞士蛋糕卷、大理石蛋糕、蜂巢蛋糕、巧克力蛋糕、蜂蜜千层蛋糕等；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCDFrySQNbdvDhsSy7bh2Tg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、流行面包制作：软餐包、早餐包、菠萝面包、毛毛虫面包、火腿玉米面包、水果调理面包、吐司面包、红豆吐司、枣沙吐司、椰蓉吐司、地中海面包、奶酪面包、北海道面包、肉松面包等；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7RiZCJnhpZnqANWe1uamxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、裱花装饰与生日蛋糕制作：各种形状的蛋糕胚制作、奶油打发、祝福语装饰、果膏装饰、各种蛋糕裱花、主题生日蛋糕创意制作等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAE3VwnJTDU6J8tkyseKU0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考前准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKXkjxHuXb0B3MEaVvUtfwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkol17sXVtC5brKKlljv6Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"机考，学校会发题库，考前刷两遍题轻松通过无压力。建议大家仔细阅读题干知识，特别注重题干中的“除了.......”“不属于......”“包含......”等，认真答题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80uMaewOOOimq6PflWwBJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"实操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQiOQkIakq4Ckg3O76dvKFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上课记好笔记，记得穿防滑舒适的鞋子，工具和厨师服每次都带好，想把上课做好的成品带回家给家人品尝的话记得准备保鲜袋或保鲜盒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwumCAQ28aAqwCCLNhwmv7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试品种随机抽取5个品种，考试前几天会有考前辅导，这时候把考试抽到的品种全部熟悉一遍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAumCQ2A44GuA2NDK3IZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考前辅导时把正式考试要用到的原料称好，一个品种装好小袋子，贴上便签，备注好放料顺序、重点步骤、烤箱温度、烘烤时间、考试品种操作流程：和面包面团（兼果冻制作）-排、派、塔-饼干-蛋糕（考试时这样的制作顺序最科学省时）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI4oUC4SueaKOERefQcPDTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议大家注意黄油搓发不要太夸张，因为考场里室温会比较高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuwIuIYsyuc6go5BFDS7UVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在烘烤前要调试好烤箱温度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEwYEecGg88OktVS1qlFPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要记清楚原料归属，不要在同时操作多种产品的时候将原料弄混。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSeW0Aoo4gqCOKuVb0VSLPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住一切为了产品美好的外观服务。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsmSWeQQ8wCg6kldOMZzEMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"成品一定要烤熟再交给评审老师，监考老师很好，不要紧张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMWqCUqCC8kQICgiaoRMD6g"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E谁有王牌彩色电视机单片机8823CSNG5AR6各脚功能？
TMPA8823的引脚功能:
2 MAIN -DET I 8bit A/D转换器输入端口，用于交流电源电压取样信号输入，该取样信号经A/D后送比较器，由CPU判断并显示出交流电压值
3 KEY I 8bitA/D转换器输入端口，输入面板键矩阵识别信号，该信号为模拟电压，经A/D转换、比较，供CPU识别闭合键位
4 uP DVss 地线 GND/数字电路块电源地线
5 Reset I/O 复位信号输入/系统时钟输出
67 XoutXin OI 晶振连接引脚，接8MHz晶体
8 TEST I 测试信号输出引脚/非测试状态时接地
9 uP DVdd 电源 接数字电路块的5V工作电源
10 uP V-Vss 地线 CCD电路块地线
54 uP AGND 地线 振荡电路块地线
55 uP AVdd 电源 振荡电路块5V电源
56 NC 保留 1 U/V O 8bit D/A转换(PWM)/频段选择信号
61 H/L O 57 SDA I/O I2C总线串行数据输入/输出
58 SCL I/O I2C总线串行时钟输入/输出 59 System O 7bit D/A转换(PWM)/伴音制式选择
60 VT O 14bit D/A转换(PWM)/高频调谐器调谐电压VT输出
62 TV sync. I 外部中断或计数输入引脚/用于复合同步信号输入
63 RMT-In I 遥控信号输入 64 LED O 待机状态输出，用于LED驱动/电源运行-复位控制和静音控制
************* 信号处理部分引脚号 引脚名 I/O 功能 **********
11 TV AGND 地线 模拟电路块Vcc电源地线
12 FBP In I FBP逆程脉冲输入端子
13 H Out O 行驱动脉冲输出端子
14 HAFC 1 I 行AFC电路外接滤波器连接端子,该端子电压控制H -VCO频率
15 V saw I 连接外部锯齿波形成电容器,锯齿波的幅度受V- AGC功能控制,能保持幅度为常数
16 V out O 场驱动脉冲输出端子
17 H Vcc 9V 电源 接DEF(偏转电路)9 V电源
18 NC 保留
19 Cb In I Cb色差分量信号输入端子
20 Y In I Y信号输入端子
21 Cr In I Cr色差分量信号输入端子
22 TV DGnd 地线 连接数字电路块地线
23 C In I 色度信号输入端子
24 Ex.CVBS/Y In I 外部复合视频信号Ext.CVBS/Ext.Y输入端子
25 TV DVcc 3.3V 电源 数字电路块的电源端子,DVcc=3.3V,可通过对H-Vcc分压取得
26 TV In I TV视频信号输入端子,输入经声陷波器处理后的复合视频信号
27 ABCL I ABCL（色饱和度、亮度限制）信号输入
28 AU out O 音频信号输出端子，输出音频信号给音频功放电路
29 IF Vcc 9V 电源 中频电路块电源 9V
30 TV out O PIF检波信号（全电视信号）输出
31 SIF out O SIF检波信号（伴音第二中频信号）输出
32 Ext. Au In I 外部音频信号输入
33 SIF In I 输入伴音第二中频信号
34 DC -NF I 连接伴音直流负反馈信号的形成电容器
35 PIF -PLL I 连接PIF- PLL环路滤波器该脚电压决定PIF-VCO的频率
36 IF Vcc 5V 电源 接中频电路块电源5V
37 Reg Fil I 连接滤波电容，稳定内部偏置
38 De Emphasis I 连接SIF检波信号去加重电容器
39 IF AGC I 连接IF AGC滤波器
40 IF GND 地线 中频电路地线端子
4142 IF In I Pin41、Pin42是差动放大器两个输入端子，输入自声表面波滤波器送来的中频电视信号 43 RF-AGC O 输出RF -AGC控制电压至高频调谐器
44 Y/C Vcc 5V 电源 连接Y/C电路块工作电源5V
45 A/V Out O 输出CVBS/Y信号
46 Black Det I 连接黑电平检测滤波器，Pin46的电平决定黑电平延伸门限值
47 Chroma APC I 连接彩色解码电路的APC滤波器，该端子电压决定VCXO(晶体压控振荡器)的振荡频率 48 Ik In I AKB阴极电流取样信号输入引脚
49 RGB Vcc 9V 电源 连接RGB电路块9V电源
50 R Out O 输出基带R信号给视放电路
51 G Out O 输出基带G信号给视放电路
52 B Out O 输出基带B信号给视放电路
53 TV AGND 地线 连接模拟电路块地线
如何学下象棋？
象棋是中国传统棋类益智游戏，有着悠久的历史。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种，不仅用具简单，趣味性强，而且还能锻炼人的记忆，培养全局意识以及正确的竞争观念，所以学习下象棋是一个非常不错的选择，那么如何学下象棋呢？
认识象棋
学下象棋，第一步肯定是要了解象棋的组成和规则，这是学下象棋的基础。
象棋组成
棋盘
象棋棋盘横线纵线形成9*10=90个交点，这90个交点为可落子处。
一盘未开局的棋如下图所示
棋子
帅（将）：帅（将）是棋中的首脑，是双方竭力争夺的目标。它只能在九宫之内活动，可上可下，可左可右，每次走动只能按竖线或横线走动一格。帅与将不能在同一直线上直接对面，否则走方判负。
仕（士）：仕（士）是将（帅）的贴身保镖，它也只能在九宫内走动。它的行棋路径只有九宫内的四条斜线。
相（象）：相（象）的主要作用是防守，保护自己的帅（将）。它的走法是每次循对角线走两格，俗称“象飞田”。相（象）的活动范围限于河界以内的本方阵地，不能过河，且如果它走的田字中央有一个棋子，就不能走，俗称“塞象眼”。
车：车在象棋中威力最大，无论横线、竖线均可行走，只要无子阻拦，步数不受限制。因此，一车可以控制十七个点，故有“一车十子寒”之称。
炮：炮在不吃子的时候，移动与车完全相同。当吃子时，己方和对方的棋子中间必须间隔1个棋子（无论对方或己方棋子），炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋种。
马：马走动的方法是一直一斜，即先横着或直着走一格，然后再斜着走一个对角线，俗称“马走日”。马一次可走的选择点可以达到四周的八个点，故有“八面威风”之说。如果在要去的方向有别的棋子挡住，马就无法走过去，俗称“蹩马腿”。
兵（卒）：兵（卒）在未过河前，只能向前一步步走，过河以后，除不能后退外，允许左右移动，但也只能一次一步，即使这样，兵（卒）的威力也大大增强，故有“过河的卒子顶半个车”之说。
象棋术语
1、九宫：俩斜线连同周边方格组成的区域。
2、将军：一方子力去杀对方将或帅，迫使对方应着。
3、当头炮：即将任意一炮平至中路，威胁对方九宫。这是一种常见的布局着法。由于将、帅行动限在“九宫”以内，所以当头炮的控制威力很强，也叫中路炮。
4、屏风马：两马分立于九宫的两侧，形如“屏风”以拱卫京师。
5、单边马：一马守中卒而另一马跳边，有左、右单边马布局的差别。
6、双边马：俩马一个跳九路，一个跳一路。
7、士角炮：平炮到九宫上俩点任意一点。
8、仙人指路：先行一方起着挺象肩兵（左右皆可），试探对方的应着，就像“投石问路”一样。
象棋规则
吃子
1、无论什么棋子，通常只要根据行棋规则能走到的部位有对方的棋子就能吃掉对方的棋子。
2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法，比较特殊，需要中间隔有旗子（无论是己方的还是对方的棋子）才能吃掉对方的棋子。
将死和困毙
1、一方的棋子攻击对方的将（帅），并在下一步要把它吃掉，称为照将，或简称将。照将不必声明。
2、被照将的一方必须立即应将，即用自己的着法去化解被将的状态（而不能应将不顾，而走其它的棋子）。
3、如果被照将而无法应将，就算被将死（一方胜棋）。
4、轮到走棋的一方，无子可走，就算被困毙（无棋可走这方为输棋）。
胜负判定
1、一方的一个棋子准备吃掉对方的帅(将)，叫"将军”(check)，若对方的帅(将)不能逃脱，也 就是说无论如何"将军”者在下一个回合都能吃掉对方的帅(将)，则为“将死”(checkmate)，吃掉对方帅(将)者判胜利。
2、如果轮到一方走，此时这方并没有被“将军”但其走无论任何一个棋子，另一方都能在下一个回合里吃掉他的帅(将)，则也判这方负。
3、如果轮到走棋的一方没有任何能够移动的棋子，那么也判这方负。
4、双方均无能力"将死”对方时，判和。
行棋规则
对局时，由执红棋的一方先走，双方轮流各走一着（双方各走一着，称为一个回合），直至分出胜、负、和，对局即算终了。
基本杀法
对面笑
对面笑的意思就是说，下棋时，乙方占据了九宫，九宫中有没有其他的棋子可以掩护，这时候就可以利用将和帅不可以碰面这个原则，来控制中路，再利用车、炮、兵等在对方将/帅所居的肋道上纵向照将而取胜。
双车挫
“双车挫”就是利用两辆车交替“将军”，知道把对方的将或者帅杀死。“双车挫”可以早对方的将领没有其他多余的子或者没有士象的保护的时候使用，迅猛无比。如果有士保护，则需要其它的配合来破掉士。这种杀法由于双车要交替将军，因此双车不能在一条直线上。
三车闹士
“双车挫”的用法，在整个棋局面临残局的时候，乙方的兵卒已经成功的进入九宫，这时候如果攻击对方的中士，又以双车相配合，其攻击力量相当于三个车，故名三车闹士。
海底捞月
在无法攻破对方正面防御时，借助帅(将)对中炮的控制力，把子力运动到底线，在其帅(将)的背后发起攻击而取胜的方法，称为“海底捞月”，也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”，是车、炮胜单车的杀法。
在车、炮胜单车的残局中，车炮一方通常要占据中路，再用炮借车力在将(帅)底下将对方守护在肋线的车赶走，而后退车用对面笑杀法做成杀势。
夹车炮
双炮和车集中于一侧，用车和双炮交替将军，其形式与双车挫杀法相类似。这种杀法比较容易理解，关键是有的时候车炮不在—侧也可以通过运子构成杀势。
大胆穿心
又称大刀剜心，就是车在其他子力的配合(主要是炮对对方象士的牵制)下强行杀对方中士，逼对方用底士去吃车，从而闪露出底线的空当再用其他子作杀。若其不用底士吃车而是拐将，则同样可将死。
铁门闩
利用中炮的威力控制中路，再用车封住将门后用其他子配合底线强行将杀。如果对方有一车守底线，攻击方有两只重叠的车再加上将(帅)之力，也可破敌，称为“露将三把手”或“连将三出车”。有时候也用兵来代替车控制将门。
千里照面
利用中炮和双车的威力，在有底士的一侧要杀，再弃车杀底士然后车正面照将成杀。这种杀法要注意的是对方中路是士象可用此杀法，但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用，因为黑方可献中炮解杀。
双车肋士
一方以双车侵入对方九宫两肋后，弃车强行构成杀局，在实战对局中较为常见。
炮辗丹砂
以车炮侵入对方底线，借助车的力量辗转扫荡对方的士象或其他子力，从而将死对方，这种杀法称为炮辗丹砂杀法，俗称“打剥皮”。
闷杀
一方通过将、要杀或弃子等攻击手段造成对方子力自堵将(帅)活动空间而一举将死对方的杀法。利用对方双士不适当的联结，自阻将(帅)的活动范围，用一炮将对方将(帅)杀死在原位，习惯称为“闷宫”。闷宫可以看作是闷杀的一种特殊形式。
重炮
重炮杀法指—方将双炮重叠于一条线上，一炮充当炮架，另一炮将军，或前炮将军后炮控制，将对方杀死。俗语说：重炮无垫子，就是指这种杀法所具有的威力。
前面所讲的夹车炮杀法，双炮在一条线上也是一种重炮杀法。两者的区别就在于夹车炮杀法是以车和双炮交替将军而把对方杀死，而重炮杀法是把对方将 (帅)固定于一条直线上用双炮将死。
天地炮
天地炮杀法指攻击的一方一炮镇在中路，一炮沉在底线，使对方的防守力量都被牵制住，然后用其他子力配合而将对方将死的杀法。这种攻杀方法以车配合双炮攻击最为常见，也是威力最大的杀法之一，包括车到底线、出将再车杀中士这两种杀法。
双将
双将指攻击的一方把自己的几个子组合起来，同时从两个方向照将，从而杀死对方。这种杀法是象棋杀法中比较凶悍的一种，初学者由于对一些杀法或者各子的攻杀能力还理解得不够深刻，经常一时不防被杀。如果掌握了一些双杀的基本形势，就可以防止被双杀，同时还可以此双杀对手。
二鬼拍门
二鬼拍门杀法指攻击的一方使双兵(卒)侵入对方的九宫后分别锁住两条肋道，然后再配合其他子力搏士而获胜的杀法，也称二鬼把门。因兵(卒)有小鬼之称，故而得名。三兵胜士象全最后就是用二鬼拍门的杀法取胜的。这个杀法用的较少。
送佛归殿
送佛归殿杀法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步将军，把对方的将(帅)遏回原位而取胜的杀法。有的棋书称此杀法为“三进兵”，但远没有“送佛归殿”这——名称形象。
三子归边
集中三个不同子力于对方侧翼。联合作战而将对方杀死，称为三于归边杀法。三子以车、马、炮三子归边比较常见，威力也最大。
马后炮
马后炮杀法指攻击的一方先用马控制住将(帅)的活动范围，再以马为炮架，用炮杀死对方。这种杀法在象棋实战中是最为常用的一种杀法。
双马饮泉
双马饮泉杀法是指用一马控制将门，另一马卧槽，然后双马互借威力，盘旋攻击而获胜的方法，也是双马胜士象的最基本方法。
挂角马
挂角马指攻击一方借助车、炮、将(帅)等子力牵制对方中士的活动，然后用马在士角位置将军，使对方将(帅)不安于位，然后运用其他子力把对方将死。
双车错杀
双车错杀的意思就是说，当对弈双方的将帅都暴露在对手面前的时候，我们可以利用车分占两线前后照将的办法，造成“双车错”的杀势。
卧槽马杀
所谓的“卧槽马杀”，就是将棋盘上的马跳到对方棋局下的下二路横线，在三、七路的竖线交叉的那个点上，将军，这时如有车、炮或其它棋子配合，可成卧槽马杀势。
挂角马杀
在下象棋的过程中，利用炮或者车或者帅镇中的力量，用它们来牵制对方棋局中的中士的活动，削弱其防御作用，然后用马到对方士角挂角将军，把对方将死的杀法，称挂角马杀。
八角马杀
马与对方的将、帅成田字对角的位置，把对方将帅困住，这样的马叫“八角马”。这时如有车、兵或其他棋子从纵向或横向照将，可成杀势。
先学残局
残局是决定胜负的最后阶段，学会残局就会懂得哪种局势可以取胜，怎样胜法。哪种局势可以成和，怎样和法。就不致于在可胜的局势下，错过取胜的机会，而遇到自己处于劣势时，运用技巧，创造条件达到求和目的。残局棋子较少，可动的棋子选择性不大，有时要动的棋子甚至带有强迫性。对初学者来说，就更容易集中精力去思考。初学者下棋一般没有什么计划，更谈不上战略战术，只是走到哪里算哪里，到了残局阶段，意味着一盘棋马上就要结束了。这个阶段决定一盘棋的胜负，往往都有一定的基本杀法。这对于初学者来说比较容易掌握。
学习基本杀法
最基本的杀法只有大概20多种。比如马后炮、双车错、钓鱼马、大刀剜心等。这是为了告诉你走到什么样就能杀死对方。学好了基本杀法，运用熟练，对残局和中局都很有帮助。
学习残局基本结论
学习的时候一定要明白哪些残局的结果是什么。哪些残局是必胜的，哪些残局是必和的，哪些一般是必胜，但有巧和的，哪些一般是和棋，但有巧胜手段的。除了知道这些结论还要知道怎么走，才能取胜，或者和棋。
学会运子
这个主要针对的是中残局过渡阶段。比如拿到一个残局，知道如何把自己没有过河的兵，通过子力的配合运过河。充分深入的了解马炮怎样配合，大子和兵卒怎样配合。这一点学好了，你就成为高手了。你会感悟到士象的防守有哪些弱点，怎样防守最强硬，怎样针对对方的问题进行攻击。当然，这需要很长的路，下好多年棋，经常总结才能有进步。研究棋谱的话，最好在有一定基础之后再看。一些江湖残局适合玩乐，真的学习的话还要进行归类总结， 这样才能进步更快。
布局常识
布局三原则
1、有利于进攻
2、有利于防守
3、有利于大子出动
在布局阶段，行棋走子只要符合布局三原则中的一条，即为可行之着，如能符合两条或三条，则可称上佳之手了。但行棋如违背三原则，就是坏棋，应给予摒弃。
布局三禁忌
车迟开
在象棋的子力中，车的威力最大，有“一车士子寒”之说，作为主力军，应该尽早开出投入战斗。如果迟迟不动，则对局势不利。
马躁进
马虽八面威风，但也有致命弱点，在布局阶段，由于子力较多，马的行进道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能与其它棋子配合，而贸然冲入敌阵“孤马出群”，则易为对方所算。
炮轻发
炮具备远程战斗力，如果在布局阶段贪小利而轻易发出，则减弱控制效果，貌进实退，反不及遥控威慑效率高。
步数的计算
在布局阶段，如果己方走动步数较多的棋子与对方走动步数较少的棋子兑换掉，则会在步数上有所亏欠，对以后的棋局发展有不利的影响，因此要加以避免。
中局战略
抽吃战术
抽吃：走动一子后一面照将一面要捉吃对方棋子。对方为了应将，不得不放弃被抽的棋子，蒙受子力损失，这种战术手段叫抽吃。
顿挫战术
走子过程中不急于把子力直接运到目的地，而是先运到另外一个位置，待对方某子因此而被迫走到一个不利地位以后，再将其运至目的地的手段，称之为顿挫战术。
拦截战术
拦截指在进攻时以袭击的手段，扰乱对方防卫；或在防守时，以运子等于段，切断对方子力联系的战术称为拦截战术。
牵制战术
通过用自己的子力来限制对方某些子力的活动自由以达到得子、扩先等一定作战目的的手段，称之为牵制战术。
闪击战术
所谓闪击就是，处在前方的棋子突然闪开而露出后方棋子，后方棋子得以攻击对手。
串打战术
串打是谋子战术中常用的一种方法。它是用车、炮两种直线活动的射程较长的子力，牵制对方两到三个子，再调动其他子发动谋子攻击，对方往往很难避免失子。
捉双战术
捉双是象棋中残局里较为常见的谋子手段，它包括一子同时攻击对方两子，两子分捉对方两子等形式。由于它的战术目的非常明显，等对方发现被捉双，要想不失子已经晚矣。
运子取势战术
一方运用各种子力夺取主动而占得先手或优势，进而为谋子或制胜创造条件。在中局基本战术中称为“运子取势”。
兑子抢先战术
“兑子抢先”，一般指通过相等子力的交换来实现先后手的转换和形势优劣的转化等，通常包括交换谋子、兑子捉双、交换赚象、一车搏双(马炮或双马或双炮)等手段。
先弃后取战术
在对局中有计划地舍弃一子后，通过战术手段，或夺回一子、或取得攻势，以得到补偿，称为“先弃后取”，是中局阶段基本战术之一。
弃子攻杀战术
弃子攻杀，是在“宁失一子、不失一先”的战略思想指导下以子力换取先手攻势的一种战术。
规则战术
在实战中有意识地走成循环着法以得到于己有利的裁决手段，称之为规则战术。
残局战略
就全局而论，布局属于战略性的，残局属于战术性的。与中局不同的是，进入残局很难速战速胜，所以必须有个总的方针指导战术。
优则图胜、劣则谋和
“优则图胜，劣则谋和”，在以全部子力投入规模较大，变化较多，斗争较激烈的中局中，遂然作出这样的决定是缺乏结束战斗的现实意义的。到中残交界由之而进入残局的阶段，子力既较少，例胜例和的定式又将依次出现，战斗的性质已临近结束阶段，“优则图胜，劣则谋和”的战略决定，不但成为可能的，而且成为迫切需要的了。所以方针上决定了“优则图胜”，需要攻不忘守，戒骄戒躁，稳步巩固优势；决定了“劣则谋和”，又应不屈不怯，奋力争取上游。
均势不败，创造战机。
战略方针是依据实际形势而决定的。事实上优势可能变为劣势，那就要从图胜转为谋和；劣势可能变为优势，那就要从谋和转为图胜；均势可能失掉平衡，那又要转到“优则图胜，劣则谋和”的方针上来。总之，形势变，方针也要变，这叫做战略转换（临局去执行“优则图胜”的方针时，往往形势已走向不利了，仍然要坚持既定的方针，知进而不知退，以致遭到反击，胜负易位的情况是不少见的）。正因为形势有随时转变的可能，特别在双士（仕）、象（相）残缺，将(帅）位置不很正常，兵（卒）肩负了影响战斗的巨大任务，成为互相纠缠的局面之下，歧路较多，操算不易，一着或失，面目全非。均势中创造战机，切记要立足于不败之地，因势利用、谨慎从事。这是在掌握战略上必须有的警觉和修养。
好的对战心态
保持必胜气势
天下没有一定赢的棋，只有一定能赢的气魄和心态！为了胜利，就要下出必胜的气势，视野要开阔，计划要周密，行棋要果断，不要一味地惦记着眼前的得失，要机动、灵活、变通。
修身养性，切忌浮躁
有的棋手实战时一盘棋下得顺风顺水，便觉得局面都已占优，这时便愉快地哼着小曲、左顾右盼，在你注意力不集中的情况下，不是失去取胜良机就是出现昏招，形势顿时翻盘。接下来绝大多数棋手会立即要求再来一盘以求“报仇”，但是接下来的对局心态已失去了平常心，于是连下连败以致一败涂地。
具备谋略心机
谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略，也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。
1、真正的进攻就要有收获，就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展，这叫做攻有所获。
2、单纯的防守不好，具有反击的防守才真正具有威力，这叫做守中有攻。
3、勇敢的人不惧怕任何对手，敢于搏杀，这叫做勇者无畏。
4、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候，选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候，选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。特别注意局部服从全局的道理，这叫做利害选择。
5、寻找出进攻的机会和线路，熟练地运用各种技战术，使局面朝理想方向发展，这叫做捕捉战机。
6、中局作战过程中，要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识，该攻则攻 ，当守则守，进攻的线路，防守的要点，都在审局度势的范围之中。
7、多算胜，少算不胜。
8、善弈者攻心为上，攻城为下，心战为上，兵战为下。
9、以正合，以奇胜。
10、棋虽小道，棋品最尊。
11、棋品如人品，人品有高低之分，棋品有深浅之说。
12、胜固可喜，败亦欣然。不怕输棋，就怕不敢下，不怕被打倒，就怕起不来。
用心专注
失去注意力，这不是一个战术或者战略错误，而是一个致命的错误。保持专注考验的是棋手的身体与心理两个方面的能力。专业棋手与初学者之间的差别在于，一般经验丰富的专业棋手在整场比赛中都可以保持专注，并且在必要时，他可以计算所有变化并选择正确的着法。而初学者则往往会失去注意力并且往往会犯错误。要解决这个问题，下棋时候慢一些，多下长时间的对局以训练保持注意力。
时刻关注自己将帅的安全！
初学者总是喜欢疯狂地攻击，经常忘记了自己将帅的安全，从而结局总是悲伤的。请记住，在开始任何攻击之前，你必须首先确保将帅的安全。请记住，对手的每一步都可能隐藏着威胁。要积极计算与思考，积极探究双方可能的计划。
不为外界干扰所动
象棋是个技艺的游戏，但是心理影响在对弈时起着非常重要的作用。现在比赛里对手为了给对手施加心理压力，手段方法数不胜数。
避免受影响的方法是：
1、专注于棋盘，而不是对手本人。
2、总是按对手要走出最好的招法来想棋。
3、如果对手有任何影响你的行为，要冷静思考应对。
入门必备书籍
1、《象棋入门》，金盾出版社。推荐指数：强烈推荐。
2、《自出洞来无敌手》，推荐指数：强烈推荐。
3、《象棋指归》，贾题韬著。高屋建瓴，文字优美。
4、《橘中秘》《梅花谱》提高残局最佳棋书。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是中国传统棋类益智游戏，有着悠久的历史。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种，不仅用具简单，趣味性强，而且还能锻炼人的记忆，培养全局意识以及正确的竞争观念，所以学习下象棋是一个非常不错的选择，那么如何学下象棋呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAw6GyQSUkiUK2fQGyCLfHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识象棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMMm8QqUqwMYSCIK2wCNBQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学下象棋，第一步肯定是要了解象棋的组成和规则，这是学下象棋的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI08WC0IkQ02kh6byCzAxR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋组成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnug2COggQAmQIENoXhOKJUg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKIkG26EsUeuuAuC2N86bh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋棋盘横线纵线形成9*10=90个交点，这90个交点为可落子处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuWIQeUEEQK2mkkZrzGnfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4dfd861f74be47478c2aa05b139fffbd","width":706},"text":"","id":"doxcnAiqG6oIei6yQOCm7VsJiYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUwIKcUGqEIEVqqZwogff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一盘未开局的棋如下图所示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScaIUYwc2WeQQzgmG0DqEf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e388de8af0a34e26a7fa287bee0a68e4","width":830},"text":"","id":"doxcn6QCKOuWaCEk8IxTRxrIGDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusqUmkyGQQOWWCgMINma1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"帅（将）：帅（将）是棋中的首脑，是双方竭力争夺的目标。它只能在九宫之内活动，可上可下，可左可右，每次走动只能按竖线或横线走动一格。帅与将不能在同一直线上直接对面，否则走方判负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEG0sGOi2M2sSvFaeUJf0Bk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仕（士）：仕（士）是将（帅）的贴身保镖，它也只能在九宫内走动。它的行棋路径只有九宫内的四条斜线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq86smoeqUqieIzKojBTZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相（象）：相（象）的主要作用是防守，保护自己的帅（将）。它的走法是每次循对角线走两格，俗称“象飞田”。相（象）的活动范围限于河界以内的本方阵地，不能过河，且如果它走的田字中央有一个棋子，就不能走，俗称“塞象眼”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMI80Uw64kkMaUlEDQeXuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"车：车在象棋中威力最大，无论横线、竖线均可行走，只要无子阻拦，步数不受限制。因此，一车可以控制十七个点，故有“一车十子寒”之称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYACCwsiKegk9Wc0lI7YeR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮：炮在不吃子的时候，移动与车完全相同。当吃子时，己方和对方的棋子中间必须间隔1个棋子（无论对方或己方棋子），炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMoqS2yo8YEUyYR7T5v6eGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马：马走动的方法是一直一斜，即先横着或直着走一格，然后再斜着走一个对角线，俗称“马走日”。马一次可走的选择点可以达到四周的八个点，故有“八面威风”之说。如果在要去的方向有别的棋子挡住，马就无法走过去，俗称“蹩马腿”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAmIy2S0koOKwBAvtCZpOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兵（卒）：兵（卒）在未过河前，只能向前一步步走，过河以后，除不能后退外，允许左右移动，但也只能一次一步，即使这样，兵（卒）的威力也大大增强，故有“过河的卒子顶半个车”之说。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qMCGY4ewYYg4sw1YW6Gvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4cd2917422344c2999808581b5a837d7","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnSIEa0Cy6aAwYk5A1AmYZGc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋术语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiyyoO6mMoAIaH3fw5646E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、九宫：俩斜线连同周边方格组成的区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSQwe4keYgIiSWn17SSUbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将军：一方子力去杀对方将或帅，迫使对方应着。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMygICSK2ukISqtVFphBrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、当头炮：即将任意一炮平至中路，威胁对方九宫。这是一种常见的布局着法。由于将、帅行动限在“九宫”以内，所以当头炮的控制威力很强，也叫中路炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0iiUKs8ysUsOSM3nyChVcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、屏风马：两马分立于九宫的两侧，形如“屏风”以拱卫京师。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuu8oQASyqmasaNCD1TsoYt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、单边马：一马守中卒而另一马跳边，有左、右单边马布局的差别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUS6giCqmWMwW4cHRkNdQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、双边马：俩马一个跳九路，一个跳一路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEEoqwS4sg2suKZbUGTHgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、士角炮：平炮到九宫上俩点任意一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQA6a6OCCgK8fLzqyhZNH9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、仙人指路：先行一方起着挺象肩兵（左右皆可），试探对方的应着，就像“投石问路”一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0E8oUSuyIc62m0b6cWIGpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋术语","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74ade0935ed44c4b90b32bdc89a1e480","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcn02s2G2K4Um6qKw88KeHPnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oIuQygAuCMGuOR4CjXTb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就是说无论如何"将军”者在下一个回合都能吃掉对方的帅(将)，则为“将死”(checkmate)，吃掉对方帅(将)者判胜利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28Sq4KSAsK8eoLvF0RCMkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果轮到一方走，此时这方并没有被“将军”但其走无论任何一个棋子，另一方都能在下一个回合里吃掉他的帅(将)，则也判这方负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaMScM4AkKE8kgR2jEsgv0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果轮到走棋的一方没有任何能够移动的棋子，那么也判这方负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqMiAmw28YMC2Rs74IqBxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、双方均无能力"将死”对方时，判和。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngg0cgQE8aKqQiokYdEHbyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":681,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"胜负判定","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0c08f6864bd47e19715528a616b557d","width":1021},"text":"","id":"doxcns4WsWCWqI8oA442w8QFdNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqk0CqQ2ew0CGdTAkvTyVGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对局时，由执红棋的一方先走，双方轮流各走一着（双方各走一着，称为一个回合），直至分出","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"胜、负、和，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对局即算终了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwGu26MaaeEeEnntkGjPAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":387,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋规则","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40f083edd8314437b55a37a7dfdee797","width":383},"text":"","id":"doxcnMoCgwiSeMq22snIwPR1Mhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本杀法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgsEI4wqSswm2J2a04G1zc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CmAawUy6SY266QUo3BHqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑的意思就是说，下棋时，乙方占据了九宫，九宫中有没有其他的棋子可以掩护，这时候就可以利用将和帅不可以碰面这个原则，来控制中路，再利用车、炮、兵等在对方将/帅所居的肋道上纵向照将而取胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2s0oOy2EU0EQQtHluW4VSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f64b826780da45ca9eb9a9bfaacd0f3f","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnAQGqmwYMOmkyYlBBAKa0ee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车挫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uKE4Cc4gGK8aEnBWkGfOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“双车挫”就是利用两辆车交替“将军”，知道把对方的将或者帅杀死。“双车挫”可以早对方的将领没有其他多余的子或者没有士象的保护的时候使用，迅猛无比。如果有士保护，则需要其它的配合来破掉士。这种杀法由于双车要交替将军，因此双车不能在一条直线上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkAuS2GYE2QuY5cc5UEqfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车挫","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d60926d6ec2f4ebcb21cf0165f4214bb","width":232},"text":"","id":"doxcnmiAIeSgSaMQUOYF7xt0Aof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三车闹士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkEiMsGwmCmk6mOTc89TA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“双车挫”的用法，在整个棋局面临残局的时候，乙方的兵卒已经成功的进入九宫，这时候如果攻击对方的中士，又以双车相配合，其攻击力量相当于三个车，故名三车闹士。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkceumsioQ6QSm62c1BMDCf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三车闹士","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9284924a094c47b6b9c9eb648ccafd62","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn822uKO4eAOCoQvOuy7ylph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"海底捞月","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcA0Wmio24I4CkG9maZwSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在无法攻破对方正面防御时，借助帅(将)对中炮的控制力，把子力运动到底线，在其帅(将)的背后发起攻击而取胜的方法，称为“海底捞月”，也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”，是车、炮胜单车的杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIMa4Mu0CMUKGhSouCa2kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在车、炮胜单车的残局中，车炮一方通常要占据中路，再用炮借车力在将(帅)底下将对方守护在肋线的车赶走，而后退车用对面笑杀法做成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMKWOeoEM4GisXkW72eEye"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"海底捞月","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c27433b275bb4bb3a14216b99ec66d16","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcn4woacqEgC6Ii4HgGnNe3Kh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"夹车炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOuEyAAwO6KykJT3F3AX0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双炮和车集中于一侧，用车和双炮交替将军，其形式与双车挫杀法相类似。这种杀法比较容易理解，关键是有的时候车炮不","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"侧也可以通过运子构成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCcm8E6QWkQQQrGujOcr0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"夹车炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3f39193831d4674b8fa7db4db9754fa","width":875},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IIgmoGuc6g0wZD18LcLPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大胆穿心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uKSCcC2seKSisLa4naWae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"又称大刀剜心，就是车在其他子力的配合(主要是炮对对方象士的牵制)下强行杀对方中士，逼对方用底士去吃车，从而闪露出底线的空当再用其他子作杀。若其不用底士吃车而是拐将，则同样可将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cGYmCi6iwgmYJxthFNMTg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":570,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"大胆穿心","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd9ffcf555fe4eeca708f3816b049dc8","width":518},"text":"","id":"doxcnYgys0CUWWYCoUXvtephYdd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"铁门闩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEuAScmKSiicOC80OyNF0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮的威力控制中路，再用车封住将门后用其他子配合底线强行将杀。如果对方有一车守底线，攻击方有两只重叠的车再加上将(帅)之力，也可破敌，称为“露将三把手”或“连将三出车”。有时候也用兵来代替车控制将门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmySQaSUcGIUc7Xp2Mhapd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铁门闩","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72ea52a0ae244572941b03e2cb9990bb","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnOOCG0weEeGiY6HKoIqPZ4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOKYQmauCeIkOaIhRgdT4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮和双车的威力，在有底士的一侧要杀，再弃车杀底士然后车正面照将成杀。这种杀法要注意的是对方中路是士象可用此杀法，但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用，因为黑方可献中炮解杀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOOqcKaGAiaGaqAxYxPcMe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/597bc561860449099e68ce796e3b4322","width":779},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmkgqMMwuqs6YtpFR40MWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车肋士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMS6ueiOO2wWCIZTWCt1Yoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方以双车侵入对方九宫两肋后，弃车强行构成杀局，在实战对局中较","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"为常见","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqGeeQgOU48W4u85gUVP4K"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车肋士","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6aa7137c9834fbfaedf6bb629cf683c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0w60428uSoKqYDok0a09f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮辗丹砂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisyewWSIEOSgmOfky9S6Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以车炮侵入对方底线，借助车的力量辗转扫荡对方的士象或其他子力，从而将死对方，这种杀法称为炮辗丹砂杀法，俗称“打剥皮”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIK2ea62WQCWUzDFWbwUXd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炮辗丹砂","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/144da202e6f248e586bd809ddbd34ac3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn6M2qEYc0QSOc9ezDp8jBwA"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"闷杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsW0ycsyEiSMIecgh9Wc7zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方通过将、要杀或弃子等攻击手段造成对方子力自堵将(帅)活动空间而一举将死对方的杀法。利用对方双士不适当的联结，自阻将(帅)的活动范围，用一炮将对方将(帅)杀死在原位，习惯称为“闷宫”。闷宫可以看作是闷杀的一种特殊形式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QyIOea68Ew8cbgrxp2aMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"闷杀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d4fc483a3fa465f9073cbb4647a1ca9","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcnoWusyuKSEQ4C2ZkDywXg9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKaUUmoIs0CiW6FtwAbftzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮杀法指—方将双炮重叠于一条线上，一炮充当炮架，另一炮将军，或前炮将军后炮控制，将对方杀死。俗语说：重炮无垫子，就是指这种杀法所具有的威力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOYskaAyIgK8OCArlTeIlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面所讲的夹车炮杀法，双炮在一条线上也是一种重炮杀法。两者的区别就在于夹车炮杀法是以车和双炮交替将军而把对方杀死，而重炮杀法是把对方将 (帅)固定于一条直线上用双炮将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6MuI2YkCS4I060AghdRLjb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8922c79abf634f8db9e00b640eba34b4","width":936},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0qyQWAy2wOoovfabNQfqc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sYWcY2UYwEkijSa8AN9Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮杀法指攻击的一方一炮镇在中路，一炮沉在底线，使对方的防守力量都被牵制住，然后用其他子力配合而将对方将死的杀法。这种攻杀方法以车配合双炮攻击最为常见，也是威力最大的杀法之一，包括车到底线、出将再车杀中士这两种杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoq6QoAyM6CKY82ooIIH0zc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":847,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c80e5c00bc4e413cb4314fdb0f808a3f","width":828},"text":"","id":"doxcnOYseWsegiwc2C4msLFFm0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双将","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6swgCeo2myUW8rpPJzqIuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双将指攻击的一方把自己的几个子组合起来，同时从两个方向照将，从而杀死对方。这种杀法是象棋杀法中比较凶悍的一种，初学者由于对一些杀法或者各子的攻杀能力还理解得不够深刻，经常一时不防被杀。如果掌握了一些双杀的基本形势，就可以防止被双杀，同时还可以此双杀对手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO22SoqI26Iw0UT6ch80wSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双将","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b170c9dd4644e54a4519a0196ce38db","width":878},"text":"","id":"doxcnyaK4Gm2i6Gye8PdFUDqC5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEEE2mG6keKecrot8gcykKG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门杀法指攻击的一方使双兵(卒)侵入对方的九宫后分别锁住两条肋道，然后再配合其他子力搏士而获胜的杀法，也称二鬼把门。因兵(卒)有小鬼之称，故而得名。三兵胜士象全最后就是用二鬼拍门的杀法取胜的。这个杀法用的较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKcu88csW0GO6sG9CHOaLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cde02373da874ced82ea506c84b60ce2","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6QIw2CqYC864pBZocwYuE"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmgSAWuiem4KeQzqJcaT7Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿杀法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步将军，把对方的将(帅)遏回原位而取胜的杀法。有的棋书称此杀法为“三进兵”，但远没有“送佛归殿”这——名称形象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnui40M2ikmW04QRT7tuUQ3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb9adccc087c475b8a8152d304f7a981","width":939},"text":"","id":"doxcn42YYmA6iuu202DLnX39D9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三子归边","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQmyWUQKa06KFsWpByIFDO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"集中三个不同子力于对方侧翼。联合作战而将对方杀死，称为三于归边杀法。三子以车、马、炮三子归边比较常见，威力也最大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40kq064UMQUuMjRVquPmme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三子归边","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3beccf4ae23c4ba196c1ab89ec976127","width":876},"text":"","id":"doxcn4MUuGo4C6CQMIh0ud2LNub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuUIeaummuuEEQvI9zEBhcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮杀法指攻击的一方先用马控制住将(帅)的活动范围，再以马为炮架，用炮杀死对方。这种杀法在象棋实战中是最为常用的一种杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6Q8Yua6ieKGwd2b3WTh5k"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8afdf8e77af4eee9c4a2497c217e447","width":885},"text":"","id":"doxcnW8AGCEwSycaE4CsPbno0RD"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcc2KiUuGeiwugqvl5xs9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉杀法是指用一马控制将门，另一马卧槽，然后双马互借威力，盘旋攻击而获胜的方法，也是双马胜士象的最基本方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoYC2OWA2UMY8QWU6hNqac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a08f84a098647fbb33655037a36c818","width":517},"text":"","id":"doxcnawMAkQeQmuUw89plSEFelf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUwUGwwO4wKKQLKQpiEbme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马指攻击一方借助车、炮、将(帅)等子力牵制对方中士的活动，然后用马在士角位置将军，使对方将(帅)不安于位，然后运用其他子力把对方将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESmec4uGoag8KSdVEhK9Db"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d86168c7ceb42ecbfac734267fc0de7","width":877},"text":"","id":"doxcncQ6mkYGEiwQYgkUwGmcztb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车错杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquo4suw2uCIyGiNuwz12vb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车错杀的意思就是说，当对弈双方的将帅都暴露在对手面前的时候，我们可以利用车分占两线前后照将的办法，造成“双车错”的杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgQws2GSi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这样才能进步更快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuO2eKoawwuASyKqLH3Hxdd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会运子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b600792a814445128728182e2db7f34c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKOSsUGgmacuk21xemhyfYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局常识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YoAgQcoYUe44rA6tKRzWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWA8Ycy4eSyWmiYBjCgeizc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、有利于进攻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cYwe0oqCaSKuQKyUbanjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、有利于防守","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWa084skkCYg2gBtG1JO5k3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、有利于大子出动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWWkUMQymEQ6eKTWneuRZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局阶段，行棋走子只要符合布局三原则中的一条，即为可行之着，如能符合两条或三条，则可称上佳之手了。但行棋如违背三原则，就是坏棋，应给予摒弃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuCIo0WeUs4qywrXkSVuyc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三禁忌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMQckWcyge0IyIbzitCFve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"车迟开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkUmMQIiqaMqQbWGcc6jae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在象棋的子力中，车的威力最大，有“一车士子寒”之说，作为主力军，应该尽早开出投入战斗。如果迟迟不动，则对局势不利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyeII68quMmMmQ2c7EuvNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马躁进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIkyimuUwyuU4ENc5R7Qbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马虽八面威风，但也有致命弱点，在布局阶段，由于子力较多，马的行进道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能与其它棋子配合，而贸然冲入敌阵“孤马出群”，则易为对方所算。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6I2uwcmos2e8jllSOajLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮轻发","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCccK806akMoQuG57tfzkQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮具备远程战斗力，如果在布局阶段贪小利而轻易发出，则减弱控制效果，貌进实退，反不及遥控威慑效率高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWMAaE6Q2gGqQHEYE5RnNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步数的计算","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncw4SUMkokumIa8eT4UH0eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局阶段，如果己方走动步数较多的棋子与对方走动步数较少的棋子兑换掉，则会在步数上有所亏欠，对以后的棋局发展有不利的影响，因此要加以避免。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gGs0OWoUWQoUdUP9OdpMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步数的计算","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a8e33a067244d4cae7cad7befdef70e","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn0sKmKSsAiy0mQxny9ksbOg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中局战略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSuGCekE2WSaSssy9ZKQ7u"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCcoQImEuOEwgX2KDQFxob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃：走动一子后一面照将一面要捉吃对方棋子。对方为了应将，不得不放弃被抽的棋子，蒙受子力损失，这种战术手段叫抽吃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUQsuuKIsimU4kRvtzx4Qb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"顿挫战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAusKsAyIEMuiK4jHRkDGwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"走子过程中不急于把子力直接运到目的地，而是先运到另外一个位置，待对方某子因此而被迫走到一个不利地位以后，再将其运至目的地的手段，称之为顿挫战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWUww606A02ks0s89FnbX6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拦截战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6yuw6Ws6QQ6QtnbB53L5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拦截指在进攻时以袭击的手段，扰乱对方防卫；或在防守时，以运子等于段，切断对方子力联系的战术称为拦截战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mWSMQEuUWeIYZJfYT3Wke"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"牵制战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY6owyWiMCmawwtGYtVexTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过用自己的子力来限制对方某些子力的活动自由以达到得子、扩先等一定作战目的的手段，称之为牵制战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnImYCsWUa6gmUmelYFlXRRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"闪击战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYieoQsc4WCUwqqwdGkmtag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓闪击就是，处在前方的棋子突然闪开而露出后方棋子，后方棋子得以攻击对手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oIImy0MWOIcGKm9I1GVjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn820q6uGemSWuw3N9ZekFsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打是谋子战术中常用的一种方法。它是用车、炮两种直线活动的射程较长的子力，牵制对方两到三个子，再调动其他子发动谋子攻击，对方往往很难避免失子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE42omwqou4GG2Vku3292Wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉双战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaGG4GuWWGkkweW9Wfwb5Qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉双是象棋中残局里较为常见的谋子手段，它包括一子同时攻击对方两子，两子分捉对方两子等形式。由于它的战术目的非常明显，等对方发现被捉双，要想不失子已经晚矣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8i0Sm4WugCk2sZuGY7wCWb"},{"type":"h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","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备谋略心机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYoci2yeG66YKyzs1XVBze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略，也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEwo868QIMKqGKYir9bILh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、真正的进攻就要有收获，就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展，这叫做攻有所获。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8oYy0KiwoQsKybXkjLAVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、单纯的防守不好，具有反击的防守才真正具有威力，这叫做守中有攻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Swkgo8aMI8iaih5chojgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、勇敢的人不惧怕任何对手，敢于搏杀，这叫做勇者无畏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqC4QuaCk4g8MgnR52KuB8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候，选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候，选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。特别注意局部服从全局的道理，这叫做利害选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguwqwMisqa66CxgvkAcu6B"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、寻找出进攻的机会和线路，熟练地运用各种技战术，使局面朝理想方向发展，这叫做捕捉战机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6A6i0ggoQ4YmqnXSdxj5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、中局作战过程中，要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识，该攻则攻 ，当守则守，进攻的线路，防守的要点，都在审局度势的范围之中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiecymq62SecG4YLvGYGQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、多算胜，少算不胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqk4SCuqkii48TBGzS1eZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、善弈者攻心为上，攻城为下，心战为上，兵战为下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0mWaMI4E8wI22YAFsWdKA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、以正合，以奇胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwSc68EuscKc2f3PuBj0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、棋虽小道，棋品最尊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QGSe64AGwq6MbfzdHY5ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、棋品如人品，人品有高低之分，棋品有深浅之说。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiMyaAGu8gmMExlZl46x7C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、胜固可喜，败亦欣然。不怕输棋，就怕不敢下，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不怕被打倒，就怕起不来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqUuI0agCiGYkJV3pEqdTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备谋略心机","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf31d79c29224c96842f2cb736f717ad","width":831},"text":"","id":"doxcnMCQqAi0mWq6eme5pDIxHAd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用心专注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyy6AOcGaQWSeWsJBCGzwye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 失去注意力，这不是一个战术或者战略错误，而是一个致命的错误。保持专注考验的是棋手的身体与心理两个方面的能力。专业棋手与初学者之间的差别在于，一般经验丰富的专业棋手在整场比赛中都可以保持专注，并且在必要时，他可以计算所有变化并选择正确的着法。而初学者则往往会失去注意力并且往往会犯错误。要解决这个问题，下棋时候慢一些，多下长时间的对局以训练保持注意力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6yE8yKIi2gk4zkY8mzZlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻关注自己将帅的安全！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0g8kAUCAmsAOaYOOkrJWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者总是喜欢疯狂地攻击，经常忘记了自己将帅的安全，从而结局总是悲伤的。请记住，在开始任何攻击之前，你必须首先确保将帅的安全。请记住，对手的每一步都可能隐藏着威胁。要积极计算与思考，积极探究双方可能的计划。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4aYWyWIQMe2klLd73uXvh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":422,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻关注自己将帅的安全！","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f7f2965dd6648688124fd7695abd976","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnWMkkwYocACu0gx2eLuP4dh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwUQaKg0koGaCGlbCEEhNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不为外界干扰所动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOi82oMs8KUQoXz7crDiie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是个技艺的游戏，但是心理影响在对弈时起着非常重要的作用。现在比赛里对手为了给对手施加心理压力，手段方法数不胜数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOEmIQ6Gw44CYfoIoNpJJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"避免受影响的方法是：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ygWkK0wACQSQtZnt848ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、专注于棋盘，而不是对手本人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02YOwEw48K8lUApsAVgML"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、总是按对手要走出最好的招法来想棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWkqeoye8uS2k5ogACsKPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果对手有任何影响你的行为，要冷静思考应对。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUE2UuuAYQca6xNHs2Pkjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"不为外界干扰所动","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d5d74c7015064a2fbe3614300a13f5f1","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnkw6MAOkw2GecqQLIgeEqqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyUGECsYYImyqId71uxBgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《象棋入门》，金盾出版社。推荐指数：强烈推荐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSi0YIk4I6G28N2XuQlC5m3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15ea266394924f2d82ecc676a9078be1","width":345},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoCSgUy8kwEOCWYGvMca1y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《自出洞来无敌手》，推荐指数：强烈推荐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8YcmoOGOKkIv8xRWoakjS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1175,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68764a292c5d4595961ead4fc7cb56ca","width":792},"text":"","id":"doxcngGug0CqQyuk24QmhydNqfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《象棋指归》，贾题韬著。高屋建瓴，文字优美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWamguIEKgWymCzhqkVW5R2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf6ab896b096454f95735746ee919d77","width":312},"text":"","id":"doxcnCYOSUoEcIyuWyGotQEIPlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAI4gUUWWIQQWItDrNWIPpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《橘中秘》《梅花谱》提高残局最佳棋书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem8KaWuG4um4dlYl8tXDAH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":584,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c6801a0934041ed8d2724951d11c0b1","width":804},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCWmAo4IQkwASKPH7eYVue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsOOQCU86IkOO4ur3ZWibh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2cQgq8uQkQ2QTG8dhypWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2k2QeECwciuuYwH80MOcEE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OM4woImcIooSIIRDCu1Rc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
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