kkk777(小学生如何练字)

kkk777，小学生如何练字？

我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”，可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下，越来越多的考试采用答题卡，网上阅卷，字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此，在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。

写字习惯

从孩子一年级学习写字开始，掌握正确的写字姿势，养成良好的写字习惯，才有助于孩子的身体发育，视力保护，同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。

坐姿

孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点，要求做到：头正、肩平、身直、足。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略，那就是双脚自然平放在地上，全脚掌着地，双腿分开约与肩同宽，此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。

同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”，也就是身体距桌子一拳，眼睛离课本一尺（约33厘米），握笔手指离笔尖约一寸（约3.3厘米），不含胸驼背。

坐端正后，还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央，摆正后再来书写，避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。

在孩子学习写字的初期，家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒，帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。

握笔姿势

握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的，做精细动作的能力较差，握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导，帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。

1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出

2、俩指轻合成圆环状。

3、笔杆穿过圆环，再由中指从下往上自然挺住，把笔杆固定在三角架中。

注意

1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米（约一寸）

2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。

练字前准备

选笔

练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头，而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字，因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习，无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。

铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性，能体现落笔的轻重，进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋，能做到顿笔、收笔的区别，使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。

1、铅笔

适合儿童和初学者，有助于表现笔画粗细，练出笔锋。

2、中性笔

价廉易取，容易控制，0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。

3、钢笔

最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大，需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。

选字帖

字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论，凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字，我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了，令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧，对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红，因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法，我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。

选字体

练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习，没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习，再进行楷书练习，最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此，如果跳过基础练习，直接进行大师字体临摹，很可能练习多年也不得要领，写不出好字。

正式练字

每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。

低年级

对于低年级的孩子来说，首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等，书写前需要认真观察，看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时，尽量仿照书中出示的楷体，一笔一画模仿写。

需要特别注意的有：

1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写，混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正！

2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中，大小适中，上下左右都要留出一定的位置。

3、学会观察字的结构，如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等，还要注意不同结构的占格，如“你”字左窄右宽，“卧”字左宽右窄。

4、学会观察重要笔画。

一个字中最长的笔画及它在田字格中的位置，如“耳”字中最长的横是第六笔，写在横中线下，从左到右微微向上倾斜。

“目”“垂”这类字中“横”较多，每横之间的距离要基本相等。

左右结构的字会出现“穿插避让”，如“林”字左边的“木”最后一笔要写成“点”。

最后一笔为“捺”时，如“八”“木”要特别注意下笔舒展，渐加力至捺脚重按笔出锋，不能写成“点”。

5、低年级时对孩子的要求应该是把字写正确、规范，而不是过于追求和字帖一样的美观，这样过高的要求可能会打击孩子写字的积极性。如果想引导孩子练出起笔、顿笔、收笔，可以利用和教材配套的字帖，其中会对每个字的笔顺、占格、笔画位置等有较为详细的指导；也可以将楷体字放大，先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点，再模仿练习。

中年级

在低年级把字写正确的基础上，中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时，孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展，书写更加熟练、自如，练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观，也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖，此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖，这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄，不便于书写；此外，离开了下面的“模子”，孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。

中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字，由铅笔到钢笔的转换，部分孩子可能不适应，而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的，正是因为如此，才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意，不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔，这样写字时可能更为整洁，但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。

还有一点需要提醒的是，中年级是孩子错别字的高发期，此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况，对于写错的字，应用规范的删除符号“/”划去，这样才能保证书面整洁。

高年级

等孩子到高年级，写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为“一篇字”，在写好每个字的基础上，注意字与字之间的间隔，行与行之间的空隙，追求整篇字的美观。

还要有意识地提高写字的速度，在保证字体规范、工整的前提下，尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的，例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话，而不是每次只看一个词或几个字；书写时不过于追求每个字的美观；字体大小适中；保持正确的握笔姿势；平时加强识字写字练习等。

练字步骤

控笔训练

从练字的角度，把控笔练习分为三个阶段：

第一阶段：协调力控笔训练。不管细节，只找感觉，这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力，纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。

第二阶段：精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习，切实注意起止位置，全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力，真正做到手笔合一。

第三阶段：美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。

扩展资料

首先，笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示，从笔画开始练字，我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下，用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等，久而久之，甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。

其次，笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化，要做到手笔合一，对于初学练字者来说，这是难上加难，而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后，练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边，这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。

第三，美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点，经过专门的美学训练，可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。

基础笔画训练

运笔的基本笔法：中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。

美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当，呈现出美的形态与神态，充满活力，或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔，归于自然。

中锋

即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时，笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位，落纸后，笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时，笔尖在笔画中间，两边的笔毫一齐用力，墨迹向两边渗透均匀，写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。

侧锋

侧锋又叫做偏锋，与中锋相对。侧锋用笔，笔入纸后，笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时，顺锋竖入，向右下顿笔，此时笔尖朝左上方，当我们向右稍拖带时，笔的运行方向是朝右的，笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画，往往一侧较厚实，一侧较单薄，这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。

“中锋取骨，侧锋取妍”，侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。

起笔、行笔、收笔

行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔，就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左边起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。

提笔、按笔

钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。

翻笔、折笔

翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑，如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇，都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、"山"字的竖折，都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而用力。

风格，指用锋的深浅。

使转和方圆

在书写的过程中，随点画之势运笔，带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来，用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使，钩环盘纡谓之转。”（王绂《论书》）。点画的“遣送”为使，点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实，“转”有虚，“转”更难。转笔作用很大，极须用意。它即是换笔，又是调笔，方法也需视情况而变。

写字口诀

小小一点要点好，学会顿笔很重要；

横要平，竖要直，撇有锋，捺有脚；

提钩要尖折有角，行笔轻快要记牢；

认真练习功夫到，笔画健美字才好。

18个基本笔画运笔示意图

一、长横

二、竖画

三、撇

四、点

五、卧钩

六、竖撇

七、竖弯钩

八、平捺

九、戈钩

十、垂露竖

十一、捺

十二、竖折

十三、竖钩

十四、提钩

十五、撇点

十六、平撇

十七、横撇

十八、横折

偏旁部首训练

汉字的偏旁部首是指各种点画的固定搭配，是汉字的结构单位，是构成汉字的基础，重复出现的频率极高，具有极为普遍的代表性。它们在汉字中的形态基本固定，并具有一定的书写规律，因此掌握偏旁部首的写法，狠抓偏旁部首，不失为一条最为有效的捷径，对学习汉字结构也是一条快捷之路。同时，偏旁部首书写的正确与否，直接关系到字形的美观，所以在学习钢笔书法的结构前，有必要先掌握汉字各种偏旁部首的正确写法。同时，掌握好一个偏旁部首，即可举一反三地运用到其他很多字当中去，可达到事半功倍的效果。

汉字的偏旁部首常用的有82种，一般归纳为：字头、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包围五大类。

字头

字底

左偏旁

右偏旁

包围

认识字形结构

汉字的结构对称特点，主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义，它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线（面）为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲（完全重普或部分重叠），具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息，因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。

根据对称的种类及层次，结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况：

1、上下部件结构对称：如吕、昌等。

2、左右部件结构对称：如比、林、非等。

3、内外部件结构对称：如回等。

4、部分部件结构对称：如以中间部件为轴对称：如辩、斑等；字形下部的部件结构对称：如丽、翁等；字形上部的部件结构对称：如丛、琶等；字形左边的部件结构对称：如彬等，字形右边的部件结构对称：如琳等。

5、部件多层重叠的结构对称：如、鑫等。

6、独体字中的结构对称：如田、中等。 据作者初步统计，在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》（北京：语文出版社，1989）收集的7000个通用的汉字中，上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个，占通用汉字总数的8.74%。 其教学过程及步骤如下：

第一阶段：形象地显示自然界的对称规律。 大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此，可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段，让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体，双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称，从而使学生初步感知对称的美，并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。 第二阶段：直观地识别对称的基本的独体字 汉字的字形形象而多变，但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时，可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或 CAI 展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”，可首先展示雨景，让学生观察雨点方向，继而展示一个古时的“雨”字，最后展示演变至今的“雨”，引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的，而如果四点的方向不一，这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上，学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美，只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法，还可以让学生通过折折，剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折，画一个空心“口”字，再用剪刀剪出这个字，把这个“口”字打开来，就是“田”字。 第三阶段：分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。

当学生初步感知对称这一概念，学会了对称的独体字后，可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法，归类识别各种对称的合体字，并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。 ①字谜法 适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣，可让学生编字谜，师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱，三金是鑫”等等。 ②颜色标注法 适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分，如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”，右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等，对于以中间部件为轴对称的字，如班，可用色标标出其中间部分。 ③儿歌分解法 同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。 另外，当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后，还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字，激发学生字的兴趣。

规范字书写练习

购买适合自己的字贴进行练习。

1、司马彦 | 人教版课课练：字体规范、人教版教材适用（各年级都有） 。

2、金枝叶 | 小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖：描红、临帖结合 。

3、华夏万卷 | 人教版课本同步写字课字帖：内容系统全面（各年级都有）。

4、墨点 | 衡水体高中英语字帖：衡水体 。

5、学才 | 小学生英语单元同步词汇：同步词汇 。

6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖：凹槽+临摹。

7、金枝叶 | 儿童初学者凹槽练字帖：幼儿、凹槽。

适合的字帖

1、清晰

按照现在的印刷技术，清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商，为了让字帖更清晰，更具有迷惑性，在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。

2、选择高端版本

所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了，难免会有误差。选择字帖，应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。

3、选择全彩色印刷

高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些，但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张，墨色深浅如何等等，好的全彩色字帖，都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹，并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。

4、复制品

复制品的概念，可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品，其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的，它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力，墨色，纸张的颜色，气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素，它都有。

5、字帖有标明尺寸

这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸，才会判断出来原作到底有多大，字有多大，线条有多粗，然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”，可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下，越来越多的考试采用答题卡，网上阅卷，字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此，在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGSUw6K0GAAmeKLPmmONUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字习惯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CaigIgAM4Q8C473kBrV4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从孩子一年级学习写字开始，掌握正确的写字姿势，养成良好的写字习惯，才有助于孩子的身体发育，视力保护，同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo2uCwkEYcY0yLzLzhFGPP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna08MkIgEYWysYHcm33HH8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点，要求做到：头正、肩平、身直、足。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略，那就是双脚自然平放在地上，全脚掌着地，双腿分开约与肩同宽，此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKaaeGSwYqqqEdu3mtZFxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”，也就是身体距桌子一拳，眼睛离课本一尺（约33厘米），握笔手指离笔尖约一寸（约3.3厘米），不含胸驼背。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGOGmGceaQiU1Lj1VXV9rj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐端正后，还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央，摆正后再来书写，避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIYIGIAuu0ew0033YFdlvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在孩子学习写字的初期，家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒，帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwoWuug46SY0KixxgO3nne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da0be8e32aaf4ec8b7ab135789bffdc2","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOomI2cMoKsoOeSed5HIHJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsCmyCOIE4oucDue7PQ24d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的，做精细动作的能力较差，握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导，帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumMWKqIUuUsySoqEXpcGWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcuQGWIOyaIA0Is7b0bC0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、俩指轻合成圆环状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquoCoAEGYQgM2hAslEH5Wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、笔杆穿过圆环，再由中指从下往上自然挺住，把笔杆固定在三角架中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomCkWUgYmm2aSMJTO8xve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40ea0baa53394179a47f409e4bcaba4f","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnIEyu0ygkyyakshk7baK7oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wOCwk6KAOoYqYd0we3pIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米（约一寸）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaOkquAwiKOmakdQkW88Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4yEUM48aOYWspPYl5HUBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa2IUeQCWWiSqy0TFL163d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0mikOyeSWSmwx8jTzjFtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头，而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字，因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习，无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0osQ4288OwYotIKVoCmph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性，能体现落笔的轻重，进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋，能做到顿笔、收笔的区别，使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUA20K4CYQSGMHJ2p1tcWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWUumGSui20Q4JvZmOHv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合儿童和初学者，有助于表现笔画粗细，练出笔锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnso2UaOsWgCG8dMK96DWOK6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a2ee06490d1480fa4e9e29cae7fa668","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeUC6ymCy4OKwsXCTZvxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmqYaWcUm0caGOIBGwBZhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"价廉易取，容易控制，0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsE4koe2y2YMoFwXH2rr2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6eca07bb4b0c4978a6c7641acab86a98","width":335},"text":"","id":"doxcnaA08C8QUYkIIIpPPXQP8Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeg8UG06CqsguQol2jET7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大，需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSMsousI6Kgk0ubl7gkfTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cef259df9264645830aeebd3fde9f9d","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnM4c0mw0g4OYgSMJRTSUX8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmigIkqCWuGSamwq0oZQaFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论，凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字，我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了，令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧，对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红，因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法，我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniawgc6moE8SgorYcMFuhmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":383,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/42f777a6210f4397b3b764adf4a4385f","width":440},"text":"","id":"doxcnisYYYg44ssuyYvwSPIOUMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQmq0QiQqmSyiq1EKkneJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习，没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习，再进行楷书练习，最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此，如果跳过基础练习，直接进行大师字体临摹，很可能练习多年也不得要领，写不出好字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0EUGYMoSOkecNYrR1ArFb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字体","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e7e6d807f5c14347893361b24dfc8ab6","width":304},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UwooIImcyqQtjtGUeXeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"正式练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOCaYoIui4YY2a0AN7E9pXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugE6IiiQSEUC416F5qlgrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kAa48musqYKwrbVRh1HTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于低年级的孩子来说，首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等，书写前需要认真观察，看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时，尽量仿照书中出示的楷体，一笔一画模仿写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeEcKqmiUAYYGCKuKNk6kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要特别注意的有：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiogUSieK84eQhxZqjXple"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写，混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny466KKKCYCGYKetveQadHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中，大小适中，上下左右都要留出一定的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEQyWsqoWueIcpPn5kUN4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学会观察字的结构，如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等，还要注意不同结构的占格，如“你”字左窄右宽，“卧”字左宽右窄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaYsy28MGmQS2A9BWpdig6"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attr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第二阶段：精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习，切实注意起止位置，全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力，真正做到手笔合一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykaieqqIm22kmMGcZ8TQ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段：美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsiOgu8cUE6wQftgx81hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扩展资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEW2CGGGY8KwsJrmam4Z1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示，从笔画开始练字，我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下，用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等，久而久之，甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUS2I6YYOKQc7ppj1vnCF9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次，笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化，要做到手笔合一，对于初学练字者来说，这是难上加难，而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后，练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边，这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiO0Uiw8qUYUUh2bSCmCHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点，经过专门的美学训练，可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68I8WWSuOueCiMlTz6kiBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础笔画训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsmQqqAQGAISCoqdn1EvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔的基本笔法：中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCOMiuWSoUg2KuTvzxHZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当，呈现出美的形态与神态，充满活力，或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔，归于自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu0qo4QwSMuImmlMIbXNCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCYSgwSaMqUiy6IVl9H3Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时，笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位，落纸后，笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时，笔尖在笔画中间，两边的笔毫一齐用力，墨迹向两边渗透均匀，写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUYeeCi6a0SiqWBtkhbRxc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIuykMO8iAMkWzi34ISNhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋又叫做偏锋，与中锋相对。侧锋用笔，笔入纸后，笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时，顺锋竖入，向右下顿笔，此时笔尖朝左上方，当我们向右稍拖带时，笔的运行方向是朝右的，笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画，往往一侧较厚实，一侧较单薄，这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQcMMwiGEqS0kre8o9Pted"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“中锋取骨，侧锋取妍”，侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIMIyemC0O8MpOfQGOUqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起笔、行笔、收笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEQIaSqwU8iicX9ytmvwXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔，就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左边起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCASE2aoyc8YCKhjfUc3Jd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOWuiskk4Oek8hwdJEJrNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawAukQQSKk68cFRQcBDmee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4Qi46YII0Mw8PdAqUCgte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑，如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇，都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、"山"字的竖折，都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而用力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OoQuMo44QoocV7fMpbnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"风格，指用锋的深浅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sAqCwYqqgegWS6GCV7Y2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使转和方圆 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gUWiSMAEesQC07vayZWlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在书写的过程中，随点画之势运笔，带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来，用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使，钩环盘纡谓之转。”（王绂《论书》）。点画的“遣送”为使，点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实，“转”有虚，“转”更难。转笔作用很大，极须用意。它即是换笔，又是调笔，方法也需视情况而变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2ACiiaOKqmYmaHvNHikCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaukGqCGS26gKOTlhW9rJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小小一点要点好，学会顿笔很重要；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgEOsmc4AEeGGsXifw8d9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横要平，竖要直，撇有锋，捺有脚；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQC6sg8UgIUauGADpgOa1Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提钩要尖折有角，行笔轻快要记牢；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4WA8CKkGeuuIbQ3EHh5ch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"认真练习功夫到，笔画健美字才好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKC4MuKOWEWE0wr5jdfeGih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"18个基本笔画运笔示意图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOUUo2iQ0yOUpIDcwJKGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、长横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6gaaqa846CqaewLCFOKre"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":411,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21fd95c3ce7e47718003a533aa8ac251","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnqQ6Y42IsSuEoOo7aZSnHUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqAK6i4286MOi6DlK7gKSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":396,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cec30bac1c74c779a94ac516816bd9f","width":498},"text":"","id":"doxcnk0e8gMs8MI6us1uJTtb3Fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22yswookeokESiNVl00Tkd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/98ac21736f5745499b1b64b4f40b1322","width":441},"text":"","id":"doxcna262kqIaQ4iC0KpjpMnRrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4aaKqsYYQ2WO2z2vtZRkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YI6QsKsYEEgMnlnnuy42e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b53798eca6344b61a0566084ab985059","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnceCIMCEU4musp1Tk2B7fEX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkuKmYAYwAaU2TlhKDBFUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、卧钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWMcumuiCyOeOWCNwRHOvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9781ff91f8f6414091b740f4fcaaed1c","width":507},"text":"","id":"doxcnUCqk8gaqAIoshJ4Zfdortw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、竖撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqC2KSYOo26WwxYoqxMdtg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5892b20b8e041318bd0afa228b21876","width":567},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOkoSag4EEOk8dsczFAz2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、竖弯钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaoK0KscSk040UEM6FRR4f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e3a2000f54843cc87e499a98ca71d0e","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcn8ySEmk0SOGiGqmmPDDXrtl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、平捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni46GQI28aEsGCKtaVsb6ld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/715abe136b4f4159844bb2799eb48dfe","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnYWoggUy6864Y4EDv3qomVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、戈钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkY664Gs4uSAakTISbCqUd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81108067aeb44b28867b2ed98bcbdc81","width":583},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa4e2eueEOc8QFB57L0xDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、垂露竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0asqeqekGmOOSJ1cqBjIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f56a14e90f9f4877a8bdde84c949b6d5","width":565},"text":"","id":"doxcnmms08wK4G0QiGyyi5z04ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8ssM8aoQUQaMzvBvKawRb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":495,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47074e1d730e4609b92c6de378c3186f","width":592},"te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字头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG0MmAy6Y6q4COqC7gYflb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 字头","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/01e2db40252e4cb186a36a130f606fbf","width":542},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Guq8gCSaIwikBwrM4Wa3m"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESqUCWEG0YgyK58XSWFicR"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":238,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1450781ac3b74636b55dec3e9c161cd1","width":538},"text":"","id":"doxcnUaIwiWYO8Go0APqhD2X6qg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0okWIamCukY2K4gMCZsRHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":321,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d881835be71747d0926906d6b12d173a","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcngAimWYk20cog00pjwka9sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4EoQWowKeUKwMvxaNT2prd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58dbaf9e34a74e53be3bae55277ffe31","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcnmSwyu4k4IMOAEDbDdqRJQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"包围","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqAIaUEK4mWaI9YifgkP1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"包围","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f42005e2b1d4a6b8f5cf238614a9e57","width":544},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEM6wag4SyQwPTbv6cjoJB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识字形结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiwkcyKIIE2WG8WU0HxJwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构对称特点，主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义，它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线（面）为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲（完全重普或部分重叠），具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息，因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uuOWsI4EGWUuOhz6ObFvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据对称的种类及层次，结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYUk4c0GcQIeOC2lbs0i0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、上下部件结构对称：如吕、昌等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgIOkSuMeqwwQj6Jwhnz4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、左右部件结构对称：如比、林、非等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6e62sKWUCiUUJcJcqpQ9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、内外部件结构对称：如回等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8uWkyUCoAmi27hTDw5Tcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、部分部件结构对称：如以中间部件为轴对称：如辩、斑等；字形下部的部件结构对称：如丽、翁等；字形上部的部件结构对称：如丛、琶等；字形左边的部件结构对称：如彬等，字形右边的部件结构对称：如琳等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAYgEAU606oAMnBJpJW3qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、部件多层重叠的结构对称：如、鑫等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaKeUGIkq0a8IpVYnPPUBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、独体字中的结构对称：如田、中等。\n据作者初步统计，在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》（北京：语文出版社，1989）收集的7000个通用的汉字中，上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个，占通用汉字总数的8.74%。\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其教学过程及步骤如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOsIUey4Em6aAxFxlJVXJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段：形象地显示自然界的对称规律。\n大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此，可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段，让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体，双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称，从而使学生初步感知对称的美，并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。\n第二阶段：直观地识别对称的基本的独体字\n汉字的字形形象而多变，但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时，可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或 CAI 展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”，可首先展示雨景，让学生观察雨点方向，继而展示一个古时的“雨”字，最后展示演变至今的“雨”，引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的，而如果四点的方向不一，这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上，学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美，只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法，还可以让学生通过折折，剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折，画一个空心“口”字，再用剪刀剪出这个字，把这个“口”字打开来，就是“田”字。\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段：分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQooykMiOKO8e24T9CoJ1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当学生初步感知对称这一概念，学会了对称的独体字后，可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法，归类识别各种对称的合体字，并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。\n①字谜法\n适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣，可让学生编字谜，师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱，三金是鑫”等等。\n②颜色标注法\n适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分，如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”，右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等，对于以中间部件为轴对称的字，如班，可用色标标出其中间部分。\n③儿歌分解法\n同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"另外，当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后，还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字，激发学生字的兴趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2wW4ekqqg0k4I5erDaOZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"规范字书写练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSoi62qaqcqKETbVuo7DKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买适合自己的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"字贴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGsAIgaW4KMIAvAT02qNnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、司马彦 | 人教版课课练：字体规范、人教版教材适用（各年级都有） 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagCQGK4sg8eG0Sny0Qf3Fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、金枝叶 | 小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖：描红、临帖结合 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYA8QK0QSksE4W4LgUV6Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、华夏万卷 | 人教版课本同步写字课字帖：内容系统全面（各年级都有）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns2IGo2yWUUCEUXF7cpsH8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、墨点 | 衡水体高中英语字帖：衡水体 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUegKse6iYmEEF6zFqXSrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学才 | 小学生英语单元同步词汇：同步词汇 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8uesMou8YyYKo0cpoTzce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖：凹槽+临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksOKKkW2OSqwELVsHfHjig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、金枝叶 | 儿童初学者凹槽练字帖：幼儿、凹槽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIyOsg8CwuM8AT8yfHAERh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAacyyEQ0icaS43XlEMTjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、清晰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6w8OSC6QquAAbCTfY7VYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照现在的印刷技术，清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商，为了让字帖更清晰，更具有迷惑性，在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOcGEyAM4qigUbD8yrG8Vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、选择高端版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqE0YYgSWy4COC2zuiBkCkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了，难免会有误差。选择字帖，应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOUUmgYqoa2iaidNaKeBrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选择全彩色印刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6k6qECsGM4gisaohkg4kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些，但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张，墨色深浅如何等等，好的全彩色字帖，都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹，并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuIWewGioQsA4hTgmUqB9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、复制品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYow4u4uSYoeQrM2TOVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复制品的概念，可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品，其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的，它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力，墨色，纸张的颜色，气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素，它都有。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qAWyuyY0U6Kk844s91Ku1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、字帖有标明尺寸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIMAyMkWqOCsAzUWphtQ4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸，才会判断出来原作到底有多大，字有多大，线条有多粗，然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2yMs0gIUWCOyW36xeqsmK"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

一个4一个3对方一个小王3个K一个J一个9对方先出3？

直接出“小王”

如果对方出“大王”，那么后面对方再怎么出牌，你都可以大过他——对方“777，4”，你可以“KKK，9”，然后一张“J”赢了；如果对方一个“Q”，你就一个“K”，后面随便怎么出对面都大不起；如果对方出一个“4”，你就出个“9”，后面不管对方出不出“Q”都是你赢。如果对方不出“大王”，那直接“KKK，9”,然后一个“J”赢了。

一个Q三个起7一个4一个3农民？

直接出“小王”

如果对方出“大王”，那么后面对方再怎么出牌，你都可以大过他——对方“777，4”，你可以“KKK，9”，然后一张“J”赢了；如果对方一个“Q”，你就一个“K”，后面随便怎么出对面都大不起；如果对方出一个“4”，你就出个“9”，后面不管对方出不出“Q”都是你赢。

如果对方不出“大王”，那直接“KKK，9”,然后一个“J”赢了。

https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/10dfa9ec8a136327ccad86e49d8fa0ec09fac7a1

小楷书写技巧？

在书法史上，小楷是从隶书出，也就是汉代就有了小楷书法的雏形了，小楷书法一般是指直径在1厘米到3厘米之间的楷书书法。

毛笔

一般用“七紫三羊”毛笔，直径6mm--7mm，出锋30mm--35mm。并且每个人的用笔习惯和用笔感觉不同，笔的大小是不同的。而且小楷也要看字是多大的小楷，是蚕豆大的字还是蝇头小楷，它们的用笔也会不同。注意：大笔可写小字，反之则不成。

制作毛笔笔头的原料以羊毛、黄鼠狼尾毛居多。笔头的材料不同，书写的效果也是不同的感觉。习笔之人皆知，黄鼠狼尾毛享有软黄金的美誉，十分珍贵。羊毫也不是随便就能凑合的。因此毛料选材很重要。

一支好的小楷毛笔应具备弹性好且耐用的特点。就平常比较难书写的撇、捺、钩，若想写的行云流水般酣畅淋漓，毛笔的弹性是良好手感的又一个因素。

古法制作流程，一支毛笔要经过独特的制作选料、理毛、去脂、去绒、齐毛、切料、混毛、剔毛、配料、梳衬、捲笔、披毫、上灰、绑等几十道工序的处理。有的工序要反复做十几遍甚至更多，才能保证品质的精良，从而达到尖、圆、齐、健等各大要求。

技巧

小楷书法深受书法爱好者的喜爱，其主要原因是它具备了人们对汉字书法的审美观点是一致的，作为小楷书法来说，它有点画精致、笔力刚劲、法度严谨、质朴简明的主要特点，这些特点在书法的书写上也反映了书写者的功力和技法水平，同时，也反映了书写者内在的气质所在。因此，小楷书法可以说是人的内心世界的反映，说明了书写者平和的气质、文静的心态和一定的审美与修养水平。小楷的点画在形态上是很富有变化的，相传钟繇小楷，点画各异，右军作字书，万字不同。为了便于初学者切实扼要的掌握此法，试图用比较通俗的语言作一些介绍。

一、点 法

点犹如人的眼睛，在字中起着点睛和相互映带的作用。小楷的点在用笔上有独立点和连带点两种类型；在形状上有三角点、小撇点、小提点和小竖点四种基本类型。

独立点

独立点，即单独存在，与其他笔画之间不做连接，但笔断意连。书写时要求笔尖落纸后轻灵果断，顺势收笔。收笔笔势直接朝向下一笔，以求相互呼应。如“之”“以”“为（爲）”“黯”等字

连带点

连带点，即点与点之间，或点、画之间有牵连，使得点、画之间更显气脉贯通，摇曳多姿。书写时要带一些行书弹跳笔意，用笔迅捷，一气呵成。如“烟”“则（則）”“终（終）”“樵”等字。

三角点、小撇点、小提点、小竖点

小楷作点以露锋居多，形状各异。三角点，露锋入笔向右下按笔铺毫，落点要轻，收笔时轻顿，迅速转锋回收；小撇点，侧锋入笔后向左下角快速收笔；小提点，下笔稍重向右上方逐渐提笔，动作不要太大，取仰势；小竖点即竖的缩写。下笔侧锋斜入，向下直行然后驻笔收锋。如图：“思”“六”“心”“堂”等字。

二、横 画

横画又称为勒，所谓勒有愈收愈紧之意，发笔时要逆入，收笔电动机回顾，行笔时要意有所顾，逆势涩进，《禁经》所谓“画如长锥之界石”喻其不可太光滑浮薄之意。

凡写长画，当于不平中求平，使其画势上平而下呈拱状，就象一只覆舟之样，切忌上平下亦平，则板刻之弊立见，柳宗元《八法颂》中说：“勒常患平”即是此意。

横画又要贵于变化，陈绎曾《翰林要诀》中说：“凡平画忌如算子，终篇展玩，不见横画，始是书法。”所谓不见横画即是指无平行齐头，板刻凝滞之笔。

长横

长横一般两头粗中间细，45度角左右露锋入笔，行笔至三分之一处逐渐开始提笔变细，略带弧意，尾部45度角左右圆转迅速收锋。长横用笔需果断自然，轻重缓急，起伏有度。如图：“晋”“右”“古”“军”等字。

短横

短横一般分为平横和左尖横两种。

平横短小，粗细基本一致，没有太大的提按变化；左尖横，尖锋入笔后按笔圆收，呈左边尖细右边粗圆体态，虚实相生。小短横与左尖横的用笔都要轻灵洒脱。如“天”“王”“夫”“其”等字。

三、竖

凡写竖画，当于曲势中求挺拔，则见笔力。古人称竖画为努法，努有用力之意。李溥光《雪庵八法》中说：“努之为法，用弯行曲扭，如挺千斤之力。”这是一种富有弹性和力度的曲线之美，或向、或背、或背中有向，或向中有背，或势直而局部曲，最不可板滞，故柳宗元《八法颂》中说：“努过直则力败。”就是这个意思。竖一般分为两种。一种是悬针竖，一种是垂露竖。

四、折

小楷的折笔分为两种。一种是方折，一种是圆折。方折用顿笔，棱角分明，骨力外露；圆折用转笔，婉转通畅，含蓄内敛。如“争”“里”“即”“国”等字。

五、长撇

长撇，古人又称之为“掠”法。

古人云：“掠如篦之掠发，此乃斜悬针而末锋飞起，宜出锋处送笔力到而匀，不可半途击出，则无力而瘦弱”。故作掠之法，颈部要细，腰部微弯曲，宜肥劲有力。颜真卿《八法颂》说：“掠仿佛以宜肥”。出锋时当以腕送，饱满尖锐，万不可作虚尖斜拂之状。

六、短撇

短撇，古人称之为“啄”法。

“啄”者，如鸟之啄物，锐而且速，喻其用笔当迅捷、爽利、明快。陈绎曾《翰林要诀》中说：“点首撇尾，左出微仰，如鸟喙之啄物”。

七、捺

作捺之法，一波三折，势宜开张。李溥光《雪庵八法》中说：“险横三过，而开揭其势力。”行笔宜抑扬顿挫，不徐不疾，从容不迫。收笔时，须笔战行右出，意即写捺角时笔画满捺，已带侧势，须用腕法带动笔锋，逐步衄挫，边走边提，将锋提到离纸之时。

唐太宗《笔法论》中说：“磔须战笔发外，得意徐乃出之。”所谓“得意”即收笔时能将笔锋收归画中。

小楷的捺一般分直捺、曲捺和反捺三种。

斜捺

斜捺露起露收，入笔带虚尖，然后向右下方行笔，笔毫斜铺展开，出捺角时顿笔平收。直捺显阳刚率真。如“人”“受”等字。

平捺

平捺有前后都露锋和前后都藏锋等多种写法。无论何种写法，用笔都强调一波三折，灵活舒展。如“之”“道”等字。

反捺

反捺和斜捺相反，一收一放。反捺，尖锋入纸后向右下方逐渐按笔加重，后转笔藏收。反捺不出锋，显含蓄内敛。如“衣”“破”等字。

八、挑

挑画多用在字的左边，其势向右上斜出，与右边的点画相策应，形成相背拱揖的笔势。下笔稍重，斜向右上方行笔，出锋稍快，取仰势。挑画书写时注意笔速不要过慢，过慢容易滞板。如“林”“或”“法”“经”等字。

九、钩

钩法，古人谓之趯法，有跳跃之意，陈思《八法详说》中说：“趯须蹲锋得势而出，出则暗收”。

所谓蹲锋，即出钩之前先向下作一快速的按笔动作，如人跳高时跃起前的半蹲动作一样，所谓“得势而出”即指蹲锋后在恰到好处时迅速出钩，不可迟疑，若佇思稍息则神纵不坠矣，出钩时要力送到笔尖，钩要饱满，不可虚尖怯露。

硬笔

字的间架结构好坏，直接影响其美观、气质。硬笔书法独体字的书法结构较难掌握，需要注意整个字的整体美感、主笔、副笔的区分。

技巧

一、点

硬笔楷书点画的基本写法，轻轻的起笔，逐渐加力，停顿一下，再回峰。回峰对于硬笔来说，幅度不宜过大，往往只是一个动作。

右点：下笔轻，由轻到中向右下行笔，稍按后即收笔，不能重描，一次成画。关键要有行笔过程，万不可笔尖一着纸就收笔。

左点：起笔露锋，行笔的笔锋向左，边行边按，收笔藏锋。注意，收笔时向右回峰收笔，即藏锋。

二、横

横画在汉字中起着横梁般的作用，它的长短变化则平衡整个汉字结构，因此，既要坚挺扎实，又要生动活泼。写横画不论长短，为适合人的视觉效果，都要写得左低右高，略带斜势。

短横：写法是轻起笔，向右逐渐用力，最后轻顿笔回锋收笔，左低右高，左细右粗。

长横：写时起笔作顿，然后向右上行笔，结束处顿笔回锋收笔。由于两头用笔重，行笔慢，中间用笔轻，行笔快，往往写出来的长横就是两头粗，中间细，中间平直的地方略带弧度。

三、竖

垂露竖：起笔向右下方顿笔，向下垂直行笔，不宜过用力，收笔时，顿笔回峰。注意：回峰方向，要根据下一笔的位置来定回峰方向。短竖书写方法相同。

悬针竖：右下落笔，用力下按，转锋向下运行，力度由重到轻，根据字体大小，大概四分之三处提笔出锋。注意，根据要写的字的大小来判断竖笔的长短。

四、撇

斜撇，起笔稍顿笔，收笔处要出锋。行笔速度由慢到快，如小鸟俯冲路过水面。形状上“前直后弯”要注意倾斜角度。

竖撇，书写方法同短撇，运笔稍长，方向先垂直向下，四分之三处提笔撇出收笔。注意：弧度的把控。

五、捺

捺分为斜捺和平捺，书写方法相同，斜捺，下笔较轻(轻落笔)，向右下由轻到重行笔，行至捺脚处重按笔，然后向右水平方向由重到轻提笔拖出，收笔要出尖。平捺，起笔向右运笔，相当于写一个小短横，再向右下方运笔，出尖前按笔向右出锋提笔，锋不宜太长。

钢笔楷书的特点是：用笔有提顿、藏露、方圆、快慢等讲究；笔画起收有序、笔笔分明、坚实有力、停而不断、直而不僵、流畅自然;结构上强调笔画和部首均衡分布、重心平稳、比例适当、字型端正、合乎规范。

练习

选择合适的字帖临摹

要练习小楷了，首先至少得准备一本小楷字帖。历史上的小楷名家如王羲之、钟繇、赵孟頫、文征明等，多不胜数，自己可以从网上查看这些名家的小楷作品，选择一本自己喜欢的字帖作为范本。好的范本选择很关键，古人讲：取法乎上得乎其中。所以我们建议选小楷字帖时最好选清代以前名家小楷范本。

文征明《摩诃般若波罗蜜多心经》

从易到难坚持练习

练习方法：首先从《灵飞经》、《黄庭经》、《汲黯传》等名家小楷帖子入手比，因为是最历史上经典的，代表小楷的高峰，建议首先通临，找出规律，再从笔画精细出下工夫，然后是单个字关注结构，还有就是运笔初学恪守：指实掌虚，指死腕活。先守住这8个字，坚持一段时间再慢慢灵活用笔，达到死去活来的效果。

对于初学者来说，好的书法工具无异于雪里送炭。可以帮助学习者更快的取得学习书法进步 ，对于有一定基础的书法爱好者来说则是锦上添花，更能发挥出应有的水平。所以悉心选择好自己心仪的法帖，选择好的毛笔，适合自己的纸质。这个过程本身就是一件令人赏心悦目的快事！再加上个人冬去春来，日积月累的坚持临习，就一定会练出有功底的漂亮小楷的。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"在书法史上，小楷是从隶书出，也就是汉代就有了小楷书法的雏形了，小楷书法一般是指直径在1厘米到3厘米之间的楷书书法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMQ6KqmQ48iw6MnXWnfc9qh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4G2YgQSsIaGUaoBjBoC96e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般用“七紫三羊”毛笔，直径6mm--7mm，出锋30mm--35mm。并且每个人的用笔习惯和用笔感觉不同，笔的大小是不同的。而且小楷也要看字是多大的小楷，是蚕豆大的字还是蝇头小楷，它们的用笔也会不同。注意：大笔可写小字，反之则不成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngmaq2KGeMgkkYhrvSniwzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":640,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fe33972b28f4ac0a692262619016704","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn0wYwSGCG2UqE8jr6T2HkOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制作毛笔笔头的原料以羊毛、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"黄鼠狼尾毛居多。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔头的材料不同，书写的效果也是不同的感觉。习笔之人皆知，黄鼠狼尾毛享有软黄金的美誉，十分珍贵。羊毫也不是随便就能凑合的。因此毛料选材很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiyakWMGqI6WAzKw7jKDef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":777,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e517c080042b467f911826f52988a905","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnIeqo6og0C2gkmUyEW6rOmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一支好的小楷毛笔应具备弹性好且耐用的特点。就平常比较难书写的撇、捺、钩，若想写的行云流水般酣畅淋漓，毛笔的弹性是良好手感的又一个因素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniyWECaCAQ4CI8WJxGWcKJb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":832,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8820c29ffe3d44d28abab6d4ab3170a3","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnI0y6084y0IaCswiXPsIm4l"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古法制作流程，一支毛笔要经过独特的制作选料、理毛、去脂、去绒、齐毛、切料、混毛、剔毛、配料、梳衬、捲笔、披毫、上灰、绑等几十道工序的处理。有的工序要反复做十几遍甚至更多，才能保证品质的精良，从而达到尖、圆、齐、健等各大要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgyA84sGGiM6GGZwczRyCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUCuSSSQWweccj4WFLZb1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小楷书法深受书法爱好者的喜爱，其主要原因是它具备了人们对汉字书法的审美观点是一致的，作为小楷书法来说，它有点画精致、笔力刚劲、法度严谨、质朴简明的主要特点，这些特点在书法的书写上也反映了书写者的功力和技法水平，同时，也反映了书写者内在的气质所在。因此，小楷书法可以说是人的内心世界的反映，说明了书写者平和的气质、文静的心态和一定的审美与修养水平。小楷的点画在形态上是很富有变化的，相传钟繇小楷，点画各异，右军作字书，万字不同。为了便于初学者切实扼要的掌握此法，试图用比较通俗的语言作一些介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mwoECaAQ8iAyxxBMdDo4h"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点 法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6CMmmG86OoY21nbgxcUnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点犹如人的眼睛，在字中起着点睛和相互映带的作用。小楷的点在用笔上有独立点和连带点两种类型；在形状上有三角点、小撇点、小提点和小竖点四种基本类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkGiQgeyeMGgIYjIlaN8bHe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"独立点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YWWa088OUusQVRWBijB5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"独立点，即单独存在，与其他笔画之间不做连接，但笔断意连。书写时要求笔尖落纸后轻灵果断，顺势收笔。收笔笔势直接朝向下一笔，以求相互呼应。如“之”“以”“为（爲）”“黯”等字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKyaQawIkomoIgHvFplxGHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":179,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"独立点","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d454bf40137346fd8de5f160e803f05c","width":699},"text":"","id":"doxcnMswGKMuY8iOwm2l69DboYb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连带点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyoIAO82E6OyKQ5LkbQClc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连带点，即点与点之间，或点、画之间有牵连，使得点、画之间更显气脉贯通，摇曳多姿。书写时要带一些行书弹跳笔意，用笔迅捷，一气呵成。如“烟”“则（則）”“终（終）”“樵”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QuesKUi2CyawJWci2g1tc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":199,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"连带点","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f84920140f8e4d6b8f7cc8ecc1d71233","width":701},"text":"","id":"doxcn0Iiu0eI0AEiCcp9L0f7Obd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角点、小撇点、小提点、小竖点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccQ2y4uKQUqaOEtxKWZyMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小楷作点以露锋居多，形状各异。三角点，露锋入笔向右下按笔铺毫，落点要轻，收笔时轻顿，迅速转锋回收；小撇点，侧锋入笔后向左下角快速收笔；小提点，下笔稍重向右上方逐渐提笔，动作不要太大，取仰势；小竖点即竖的缩写。下笔侧锋斜入，向下直行然后驻笔收锋。如图：“思”“六”“心”“堂”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcEYwCQOu4O2mC1RxWhuKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":166,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三角点、小撇点、小提点、小竖点","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/70831c7bafac40ab90e51dc0082a9f1f","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnaQ8yyQEymoEEMfZnfFjvJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横 画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGc0s20OSYOsGiuCcNBTamb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画又称为勒，所谓勒有愈收愈紧之意，发笔时要逆入，收笔电动机回顾，行笔时要意有所顾，逆势涩进，《禁经》所谓“画如长锥之界石”喻其不可太光滑浮薄之意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQy0E6YAciwWEY3fJBUUWOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡写长画，当于不平中求平，使其画势上平而下呈拱状，就象一只覆舟之样，切忌上平下亦平，则板刻之弊立见，柳宗元《八法颂》中说：“勒常患平”即是此意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsweUwKwY4Iwqqszz2DjxCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画又要贵于变化，陈绎曾《翰林要诀》中说：“凡平画忌如算子，终篇展玩，不见横画，始是书法。”所谓不见横画即是指无平行齐头，板刻凝滞之笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncUUKKcymuwmsG4Uk3r3qqe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"长横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwMEcKcyyKEIpZAMM4FvpN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长横一般两头粗中间细，45度角左右露锋入笔，行笔至三分之一处逐渐开始提笔变细，略带弧意，尾部45度角左右圆转迅速收锋。长横用笔需果断自然，轻重缓急，起伏有度。如图：“晋”“右”“古”“军”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0Ag0ySK0ceUFaoqWgTViz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":162,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"长横","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/450903481f6b482db1ca439709351ba3","width":686},"text":"","id":"doxcnEiSgg8UkkKWWic583Tvned"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"短横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCMi0yQa2sem2RG2FVhtVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短横一般分为平横和左尖横两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaQkqCSyUQ8s54yadfqlpZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平横短小，粗细基本一致，没有太大的提按变化；左尖横，尖锋入笔后按笔圆收，呈左边尖细右边粗圆体态，虚实相生。小短横与左尖横的用笔都要轻灵洒脱。如“天”“王”“夫”“其”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMMa4SK68wwWExG5D1mn9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":156,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短横","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/00f03a55e1d9457da03872abfe39a3d7","width":701},"text":"","id":"doxcnwasYMcUSISy6sr51N3PvOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6sGiccUaos6sotEK3QkrRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡写竖画，当于曲势中求挺拔，则见笔力。古人称竖画为努法，努有用力之意。李溥光《雪庵八法》中说：“努之为法，用弯行曲扭，如挺千斤之力。”这是一种富有弹性和力度的曲线之美，或向、或背、或背中有向，或向中有背，或势直而局部曲，最不可板滞，故柳宗元《八法颂》中说：“努过直则力败。”就是这个意思。竖一般分为两种。一种是悬针竖，一种是垂露竖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ2kIiYUgGYemg1duMtaxxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e659a2404f134a3c8ed3addbafad38aa","width":700},"text":"","id":"doxcn0Oo4gQ42CQ6GuQKgDn3t3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMEyiOSIWqEYQzMhWvFDjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小楷的折笔分为两种。一种是方折，一种是圆折。方折用顿笔，棱角分明，骨力外露；圆折用转笔，婉转通畅，含蓄内敛。如“争”“里”“即”“国”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSK0QGIIaCYmuKuIDrXPAHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":166,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7d887a2428a4a849f18f8c3f77fca16","width":697},"text":"","id":"doxcn0ECYuyCq82okEfnURHIH7c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、长撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0eY2k22ECgOmQb7T7zbdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长撇，古人又称之为“掠”法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCACOIWoWQiY6aYrEjokYVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古人云：“掠如篦之掠发，此乃斜悬针而末锋飞起，宜出锋处送笔力到而匀，不可半途击出，则无力而瘦弱”。故作掠之法，颈部要细，腰部微弯曲，宜肥劲有力。颜真卿《八法颂》说：“掠仿佛以宜肥”。出锋时当以腕送，饱满尖锐，万不可作虚尖斜拂之状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42Eq82aomui4WwrFDATGph"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":161,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五、长撇","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21566209263941b887b8a27710b50e09","width":695},"text":"","id":"doxcnOmkEKk4IoIGmoYhAPcWQob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、短撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIyiYYOcWgaKKQtEhBPdaec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短撇，古人称之为“啄”法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne6Q2IkC62kGEYVRi7Ikysc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“啄”者，如鸟之啄物，锐而且速，喻其用笔当迅捷、爽利、明快。陈绎曾《翰林要诀》中说：“点首撇尾，左出微仰，如鸟喙之啄物”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayO2QQameiuER26LBP5hud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"六、短撇","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5374b91de1c04f65bcad567dbadcfe8c","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kAwiimysAAMamDv0G4nCc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACccESOeqkQUTdq9GTY1fx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作捺之法，一波三折，势宜开张。李溥光《雪庵八法》中说：“险横三过，而开揭其势力。”行笔宜抑扬顿挫，不徐不疾，从容不迫。收笔时，须笔战行右出，意即写捺角时笔画满捺，已带侧势，须用腕法带动笔锋，逐步衄挫，边走边提，将锋提到离纸之时。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWwoI4yw2i6I4Lc5G4Ir5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唐太宗《笔法论》中说：“磔须战笔发外，得意徐乃出之。”所谓“得意”即收笔时能将笔锋收归画中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0UW2Gcyk4UMIo1XTZ6oXqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小楷的捺一般分直捺、曲捺和反捺三种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYsWaIuaaGSkuakt5EOinQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":129,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"七、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/658a14bff0a749548eb7a71865962d7f","width":709},"text":"","id":"doxcnwO6qIGswOWk8UjniF74Yhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIAqU8CoWsygjRIsZKyyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜捺露起露收，入笔带虚尖，然后向右下方行笔，笔毫斜铺展开，出捺角时顿笔平收。直捺显阳刚率真。如“人”“受”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6Is6YiwWICELzNiILI7HM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusYImocq8KGYO845jxfJCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平捺有前后都露锋和前后都藏锋等多种写法。无论何种写法，用笔都强调一波三折，灵活舒展。如“之”“道”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOS0Q4mUcgQasoMKFzuV7ib"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"反捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQymMayQSCQYCyA1Xku4Cch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"反捺和斜捺相反，一收一放。反捺，尖锋入纸后向右下方逐渐按笔加重，后转笔藏收。反捺不出锋，显含蓄内敛。如“衣”“破”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuCMuG4UwmmoOGyXKs94iUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEGkSac6eKI2iMbmSjU1hh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑画多用在字的左边，其势向右上斜出，与右边的点画相策应，形成相背拱揖的笔势。下笔稍重，斜向右上方行笔，出锋稍快，取仰势。挑画书写时注意笔速不要过慢，过慢容易滞板。如“林”“或”“法”“经”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4SyWQqsqmw8CGyURUXrpqf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"八、挑","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/278d12a275df4f5097b69321c3032bd9","width":691},"text":"","id":"doxcnUG0Yuuc4AuIq4ND6SmF2sg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUiGq66K8IiaUwrpzjiHvad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钩法，古人谓之趯法，有跳跃之意，陈思《八法详说》中说：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“趯须蹲锋得势而出，出则暗收”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEkucaq2GAs0eYsnyoQozDP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓蹲锋，即出钩之前先向下作一快速的按笔动作，如人跳高时跃起前的半蹲动作一样，所谓“得势而出”即指蹲锋后在恰到好处时迅速出钩，不可迟疑，若佇思稍息则神纵不坠矣，出钩时要力送到笔尖，钩要饱满，不可虚尖怯露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyAQ2A2CWcA6cuIKkfWh5we"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"九、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"钩","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/80a91b61b91f4e9a87839ca75114c40f","width":713},"text":"","id":"doxcngge4EAI8kkUy6bEkT5v4Nd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmiIwkCYKkwmIeYyqtmkQ5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字的间架结构好坏，直接影响其美观、气质。硬笔书法独体字的书法结构较难掌握，需要注意整个字的整体美感、主笔、副笔的区分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4wOGUkiCUiUqCapAEhOwBD"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":488,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/97ebe6591c664a4285fb23b76e27daa2","width":701},"text":"","id":"doxcni4s6Quugm2SueOyzEpA8Tb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwsC4Ic8uy6ayI3YoISCwb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeIaiWWCkoGkcECC7vxMTH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔楷书点画的基本写法，轻轻的起笔，逐渐加力，停顿一下，再回峰。回峰对于硬笔来说，幅度不宜过大，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"往往只是一个动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScuWeaIwMyCeOgjsZpNcoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右点：下笔轻，由轻到中向右下行笔，稍按后即收笔，不能重描，一次成画。关键要有行笔过程，万不可笔尖一着纸就收笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeWWC62IcGKs0A29iKXXfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":278,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26862a2fa2774e1caa83a4faeb7aa5cb","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnK2emKuEIyOw0uQHPoQnFCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左点：起笔露锋，行笔的笔锋向左，边行边按，收笔藏锋。注意，收笔时向右回峰收笔，即藏锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6QSAO84mQw4OcNiUaBYfoT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":246,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08806c29d669457c87cddfa4515fc97a","width":566},"text":"","id":"doxcn2CkqisawEyek2VpSpcuZjc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQq84oWwyguaueqXVeVPXSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画在汉字中起着横梁般的作用，它的长短变化则平衡整个汉字结构，因此，既要坚挺扎实，又要生动活泼。写横画不论长短，为适合人的视觉效果，都要写得左低右高，略带斜势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMeUsEaUAG6Q6eyhQso5fYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短横：写法是轻起笔，向右逐渐用力，最后轻顿笔回锋收笔，左低右高，左细右粗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2k6EUWwS2YauEwoWUi5Sdb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecdb01449c0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文征明《摩诃般若波罗蜜多心经》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuUQqgQSEo8CswbTdIJcY3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"从易到难坚持练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sCu2oK2iiMAk9AxJQ54md"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方法：首先从《灵飞经》、《黄庭经》、《汲黯传》等名家小楷帖子入手比，因为是最历史上经典的，代表小楷的高峰，建议首先通临，找出规律，再从笔画精细出下工夫，然后是单个字关注结构，还有就是运笔初学恪守：指实掌虚，指死腕活。先守住这8个字，坚持一段时间再慢慢灵活用笔，达到死去活来的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKAUoscIOUQC0j34H6Z5XS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":854,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"从易到难坚持练习","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2e6b7c83dcb4a77951536390812751d","width":730},"text":"","id":"doxcnMsgmSomYa46u8BCdZASPpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于初学者来说，好的书法工具无异于雪里送炭。可以帮助学习者更快的取得学习书法进步 ，对于有一定基础的书法爱好者来说则是锦上添花，更能发挥出应有的水平。所以悉心选择好自己心仪的法帖，选择好的毛笔，适合自己的纸质。这个过程本身就是一件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"令人赏心悦目的快事！","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"再加上个人冬去春来，日积月累的坚持临习，就一定会练出有功底的漂亮小楷的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuMwwo0ee6qCm3Izx2A29g"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E