help twitter，推特发了个china？
川建国同志是我战略忽悠局派往美帝心脏的高级特工，直接受张局座和金政委的领导。建国同志推特上只发了一个词：中国，这是在向局座和政委发出特殊暗号，一层含义是，中国啊我的祖国，我无比思念你；另一层含义是，我已光荣地完成任务，请求下一步指示。
局座和政委会和建国同志通过某些秘密方式迅速接头的，我们不必担心。但刀哥觉得，以建国同志出色的“乱美”能力，局座和政委应当不会把他迅速召回，而是会大力嘉奖的同时，布置新的任务，勉励他戒骄戒躁，勇往直前，最好再干四年，彻底把美帝搞乱、搞惨、搞趴下。就看建国同志有没有这个魄力和精力了。
建国同志自从深入敌后以来，起码干成了六件大事：
第一，带领美国四处出击，敲诈啦、耍流氓啦、浑不吝啦，成功地败坏了美帝形象，使得“灯塔”越发黯淡无光；
第二，以美国优先，让美国再次伟大为口号，退出各种国际组织，国际条约，离间了美帝和他国（包括欧洲盟国）的关系，激化与盟国矛盾，让美帝一步步走向孤立；
第三，带领美帝战略收缩，实行逆全球化政策，使美国利益收缩回美洲甚至本土，具体表现如退出叙利亚，与宿敌塔利班签订和约等等；
第四，搞乱美国国内政治，引发两党恶斗，推动美国族群对立，诱发各种内乱，明尼苏达州的暴乱就是最近的例子；
第五，面对新冠疫情不作为乱作为，成功使得病毒蔓延全国，确诊近200万，死亡超10万，极大地削弱了美帝的有生力量；
第六，对中国以压促统（如台岛），以压促发展（如华为5G），以压促实控（如南海、钓岛），成功地促进了中国的各项战略推进，居功甚伟……
成绩属于过去，建国同志还需着眼于未来。军功章和各类“三好长舌妇”、“甩锅小能手”、“十大杰出碰瓷老年”的奖状，战略忽悠局的同志们会给你好好保管，奖金遵从你的意愿交了党费，会做好后勤工作，免除你的一切后顾之忧。给你拟定的口号就是：
再干四五年，搞垮米粒奸！
局座政委和战忽局全体同仁会代你向祖国人民问好！等待你胜利归来的一天！
文中图片来自网络，如涉版权提示即删。
欢迎关注@断断断水刀 带你用不一样的眼光看世界，看财经。
你写论文时都发现了哪些神网站？
知道了这些网站能解决你90%的写作问题！一、专业地道的英语表达
01曼切斯特大学学术短语库
网址：phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/
曼切斯特大学学术短语库主要的作用是帮助我们更好地进行SCI写作，学术语库中会结合SCI论文的各部分，逐一讲解如何入手写作。比如results部分增长的结果如何陈述，讨论中和我们文章结果不一致的参考文献该如何讨论等等，并且给出了海量的模板供我们套用，可以说是SCI写作的必备网站。
02 Linggle：更准确的词组搭配
网址：linggle.com/
学术写作仅仅依靠翻译自然是不妥的，一个句子如何表达才能合乎语法规范呢？Linggle网站基于对英文搭配进行概率统计，提供了更为准确的英文写作建议。
具体如何使用？
Help弹窗给出了几种适配的通配符搜索方法。下图已做标注，不再一一阐述。
总的来说，可以帮助我们解决4个方面的问题：
①提供词组搭配；
②近义词替换；
③根据使用概率推荐更优词组；
④给出不同词性要求下的词组搭配。
有了这个网站，我们可以轻松择出不同语境下的最佳表达方式。
二、SCI论文下载最强站
01文献小镇
网址：http://www.sci-hub.ac.cn/
作为学术导航类的网页，文献小镇一直是笔者较为推荐的。打开页面会直接提供sci-hub的搜索链接，直接输入doi即可直接跳转到sci-hub的文献下载页面。除此之外，文献小镇下面的链接还提供了不同的sci-hub网址，谷歌学术镜像网址。
上方的导航条也提供了中文文献的下载方法以及百度文库的下载方法等，有空多来文献小镇逛逛总能发现用得上的东西。
02X-MOL
网址：https://www.x-mol.com/
不仅可以对来自数万种英文期刊的超过50,000,000篇文献进行检索和收藏，还可以通过文献的DOI号或卷期页码一键直达原文。
03Researcher
网址：https://www.researcher-app.com/
作为一款创办于2017年的国际知名学术期刊搜索软件，近年来受到全世界范围内的学生及科研人员的广泛好评。Researcher收录了海量的科研文献，可以根据您的关键词，定向推送与您的研究方向相关的最新文献，大幅提高您的科研效率。
04Zenodo
网址：https://zenodo.org/
一个多学科研究数据知识库和优质的文献资源网站，设有“Recent uploads”专栏，为大家提供最近更新的文献、资源内容，会显示该内容访问以及下载的次数，从而为大家提供资源的受欢迎程度参考。点开任意一篇开放的文献，可以免费下载全文，值得一试。
三、随叫随到的英语翻译
01 CNKI翻译助手：更专业的中译英工具
网址：http://dict.cnki.net/
翻译工具千千万，为什么要推荐CNKI翻译助手呢？
不同于一般的英汉互译工具， 这个网站是以CNKI总库所有文献数据为依据。
换句话说，CNKI文献库中的英文文献、英文摘要、英文标题等都是其词源。
简单看一下网站界面：
搜索栏输入搜索内容后，下方正中间即出现相应的翻译内容，包括了词典中的译词（点击“显示更多”可查看多个同义词）、双语例句、英文例句、文摘等。
可以用来替换常用词、了解单词使用语境。为使搜索结果更契合你的领域，可以在“学科分类”中筛选搜索结果。
当然，缺点也是有的，CNKI收录的毕竟是国人写的文章，表达不乏“Chinglish”，若想表达地道还是需要另寻渠道。
02欧路词典
网址：https://dict.eudic.net/
还在用有道词典吗，还在忍受广告吗，又或者不想花钱氪金？那么就来试试欧路词典吧，欧路词典相比于有道词典在词库拓展和划词上更加强大。界面干净没有任何广告，自带的扩展词库已经足够日常需求，还能根据我们自己的需要进行屏幕划词和取词的设置。同时，欧路词典有手机版和电脑版，在移动端也能很好地帮助我们进行语言翻译。
与其说欧路词典是一个查词工具，不如说它也是一个英语学习工具，我们查过的单词句子也会自动帮助我们记录下来，方便我们以后查找。
03NetSpeak
网址：http://www.netspeak.org
NetSpeak是一个提供免费线上单词、词组、语句翻译的工具，其特点是可以在线搜索和比较各种英文词汇、短句、语法、单词解释等内容，并且可以统计出这个用语的变化形态，还可以分析使用频率和情境，堪比谷歌翻译。
04Deepl
网址：deepl.com/translator
通常写SCI或者回复审稿人时，我们总是担心自己的语言不地道，中文直译不准确。的确，机翻的语句或多或少都会存在各种各样的问题，在目前所有汉译英工具中，小虎编辑认为Deepl是最好的，其翻译出的英语比较接近口语表达，尽管偶尔还会出现一些问题，但是在机翻里的表现已经算很优秀的了。
不过，经过小编的测试，Deepl只适合汉译英，假如要进行英译汉的翻译，Deepl的效果反而不如知云或者谷歌翻译。
四、语法检查不怕错
01Grammarly
网址：https://www.grammarly.com/
使用时需要我们注册账号，登录后即可使用。
使用时，需要我们将检查的英文段落粘贴到左侧的对话框中，在右侧网页会自动指出我们这一段话中存在的语法错误、标点符号错误、是否缺少空格等等。一些粗心导致的小错误也能帮助我们检查出来，类似word的自动检测功能，不过Grammarly的效果更好一些。
02 1checker（易改）
下载链接：http://www.1checker.com/
全中文界面，对国人的SCI语言润色十分友好，而且免费使用。点击【获取免费的1checker（易改）】即可下载，安装好后，打开软件，只要在软件中输入一段英文，1checker就会自动帮我们进行语法和错误的检查，顺便说一句，1checker连使用错误的标点符号都能检查出来哦。
03 ProWritingAid：更地道的文法表达
网址：prowritingaid.com/
这款工具主要用于英语写作的语法提高和润色，类似功能的软件如StyleWriter、Grammarly等我们往期推文中有给大家做过详细的测评（推文传送门：SCI英文润色软件推荐——StyleWriter；一键帮你解决SCI论文语法错误——Grammarly英文润色软件）。
ProWritingAid作为后起之秀，有什么过人之处呢？油管、B站也有不少博主给出了对比结果。简言之，它较StyleWriter更易上手，比Grammarly更便宜（年订阅价：ProWritingAid 79$/年；Grammarly 168$/年）。
先看看它有哪些功能。官网上给出的说法是“Edit Faster/ Fix Style Issues/ Eliminate Errors/ Find The Right Words/ Learn As You Edit”。即在交互环境下帮助我们纠错、提升语法及精炼语言。
上手很简单，学生党可以在线使用免费版，限制篇幅500字以内。注册登录后点击“Start Web Editor”启用，在Settings中设置语言为“General English”，文体为“Academic”。
接下来就可以进行文章检测了，可以上传文档或粘贴片段。网站操作界面如下：
《哈佛商业评论》说过：好的语法有助于清晰、专业、准确地表达思想。《ABC新闻》说过：糟糕的语法就像粗俗的搭讪语一样令人反感。由此可见，对于编辑和审稿人来说，论文的英语质量和SCI论文的创新点是一样重要的。
但是，机器或者软件润色始终都有局限性，最好最准确的还是人工润色，这是不争的事实。因为SCI水平的专业文章对于任何一款英文润色软件都显得太高深了，目前的软件只能提供英语语言上的问题，但对于专业问题真的是不大可能有任何帮助的！而专业问题其实才是我们找别人（不管是找老板，同事还是润色机构）润色的核心！
想一想，找个发表了几十上百篇SCI论文而且还是你本专业领域内的教授给你改论文，甚至直接找一个相关领域内的英语母语老外给你改论文，那修改的效率、准确度和地道程度是远远好于用软件修改的。人工润色不仅能修改语言错误，甚至还能给你提一提科学意见，论文的水平立刻上升一个层次。
选择人工服务也是最方便最省心的，这也使得很多人认识了投必得，一个专业的论文润色编辑机构。投必得（TopEdit）创立于2015年，作为全球知名的英文润色和学术论文发表支持服务提供商，投必得 自成立至今，已累计为全球十余个国家，十万余名科研学者、高校、医院、出版商和企业提供英文润色、学术翻译和期刊论文发表指导服务。
网址：https://www.topeditsci.com
表示在集中营里最先死亡的是乐观主义者而非悲观主义者？
一直以来，人们都有这样一个认知：人生需要乐观面对。
这可能在某些时候，特别是和平年代相对有用，但在有些环境下，它肯定不管用。为什么这样说？当年美军在越南集中营的经历就告诉我们：相对而言，乐观与悲观是有不同结局的。
美国战斗飞行员的亲身经历，集中营不是个乐观主义者存在的地方，因为会因此先死去越战期间，美国在越南历经长时间的驻扎，最终没有得胜，还损失惨重，不得不悄悄撤出越南战场。而这场战争也给当时的美军留下了深刻的印痕，让他们总结出一个很惊人的道理。
这个道理的发现者叫詹姆斯·邦德·斯科托代尔，他是美军的一名飞行员。当时，斯科托代尔在执行对越军进行轰炸的任务时，不幸被越军击落。
就此，斯科托代尔成了越南战俘集中营的一名战俘。鉴于美国对于越南造成的伤害，可以想象越南军对美军有多憎恨。也正是因为如此，所以身在越南战俘集中营的美军，下场是很残酷的。
通常情况下，没有饭吃还是小事，但没事就被殴打，身体、精神受虐待都是家常便饭，除此之外还有游街示众呀、刑讯逼供之类的，这对于一个以自由、人权为认知的美军来说，那简直就是生不如死。
斯科托代尔自然也不能免难，他从被俘到释放，在战俘集中营足足呆了八年之久。在这期间，斯科托代尔被拷打二十多次，挨饿就更不用说了，大概从来没吃饱过。
计算一下，八年时间里被打二十次就意味着一年不少于两次。这就类似于严刑逼供，让你新伤接旧伤，旧伤接新伤，恶性循环，完全没有痊愈的空间。
当然，其他美军战俘也好不到哪里去，只有更甚于此的待遇。也正是因为如此，越南战俘集中营的美军战俘有很多人死去。
但是，当时斯科托代尔却神奇地活了下来，而且成功等到了被释放的日子，然后回到了日思夜想的美国，最终还得到了荣誉勋章。回看这段战俘经历，斯科托代尔简直感慨至深。
不过，他却说了一个最让人惊讶的事实：在越南战俘集中营，先死的肯定是乐观主义者，而不是悲观主义者。
没错，这就是被后来人称为“斯科托代尔悖论”的心理认知。显然，这一认知打破了一直以来人们认为“乐观无敌”的认知，自然会引起很多人的攻击与不可理解。但事实就摆在那里，作为悲观主义者的斯科托代尔活下来了，而那些自认为乐观的战俘却就此失去了生命，难道这只是个巧合吗？
为什么乐观主义者会先于悲观主义者死亡？这其实就是最普通的人性心理问题其实，这真的不是巧合。就当时斯科托代尔自己的感受，那就非常明了地告诉人们这样一个现实：接受现实的不合理，才是坚持的王道。
当然，我们并不是说乐观不好。但在当时那样的环境里，乐观就会给人一种错觉：一直保持向上的斗志，一直到心力交瘁而亡。为什么这样说？很简单，一个人可以保持一种昂扬的斗志是好的，但它的消耗也是惊人的。
当你被置身于一个看不到底的洞穴时，假如一直不肯放松自己，来一次紧张多年的下沉，那岂不是要累死？
而悲观的人就不太一样了，他们被抓进战俘营，非常自觉地在心理上就接受了自己的处境，知道自己的人生就此完了，于是放纵内心感受，不强加不现实于自身。这是什么？那就是直面现实的行为。
有时候，人的精神如同一条橡皮筋，乐观者的现状就是一直让这条橡皮筋崩紧，特别是在集中营这样一个自身得不到给予与成全的地方。如此时间长了，是不是橡皮筋就容易被崩断？
相反，悲观的人呢？这条橡皮筋可能会越来越紧地箍进你的肉里去，但它不会在短时间内要了你的命。只要你能坚持，那么早晚会有胜利的一天还是可以期待的。
这其实就是我们所说的：希望越大，失望越深。当一个乐观主义者将希望充斥身心的时候，他就要拿出全部的精神与心志来面对自己无法改变的战俘现实。
但可想而知，只要美军一天得不到胜利，那这些乐观主义者的希望就一直都会变成失望。一次又一次，一天又一天，一年又一年。这样反复地对一个人进行折磨与煎熬，那与精神虐待又有什么不一样呢？死亡只是早一点晚一点而已。
有心理学家对这种悲观论就有全面的了解，他们认为，斯科托代尔悖论其实是很实用的一种心理自我求助方法。这不是没有证据的，或者说斯科托代的遭遇并不是个例，看看经历了那些残酷战争的战俘们，比如波黑战争、越南战争等，战俘在长时间的压抑与虐待中，真正能活下来的，往往都是悲观主义者。
这是为什么？套一句最通俗易懂的话来说：革命还未成功，我辈尚需努力。就是一直保持一种态度，在坚定中持续下去。而不是每天打鸡血一样让自己急切地去期待明天，因为期待变成失望之后会消耗一个人内心的强大与坚定。
我们都知道一个故事，那就是“望梅止渴”。曹操何尝不知道前方无水，但他不是因此而失望地坐地不起，而是选择了编一个谎言来欺骗自己与战士们。这不是乐观，是坚持的重要性。只要你保持着你认知的现实，那就会等来光明的结局。而斯科托代尔的悲观主义正是如此，他的精神一直处于现实基础之上，没有人可以让他再失望，再慌张，那自然也就是最终重获自由的结局了。
如何自学英语？
英语是国际网络语言，是金融界语言，是空中交通管制语言，是流行音乐的语言，涵盖了人类生活的方方面面，学好英语就如同打开了一扇世界之窗，我国是经济大国，普及英语更是国情需要。
单词
背词的方法因人而异，但是万变不离其宗，就是要多写、多读，还要多用。背单词的目的不单单是要会念会写，既然是从零开始，那么首先要掌握的必然是26个字母和48个国际音标的发音和写法了。我这边先为大家介绍一下音标的读法：
元音
1.单元音：前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ；中元音︰[A]、[o:]；后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]
2.双元音：开合双元音：[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]
3辅音：爆破音：清辅音[p]、[t]、[k]；浊辅音：[b]、[d]、[g]；摩擦音：清辅音：[f]、[s]、[O]、[h]；浊辅音：[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r]；爆破音：[t]、[tr]、[ts]；浊辅音：[d3]、[dr]、[dz]；鼻音：[m]、[n]、[n]；半元音：[0]、[w]。
（学习音标的话可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识音标https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2050891487235808454）
学习单词视频链接：https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html
以下的内容是我总结出的关于单词的一个分类总结。
名词（n.）
英语名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词。按照不同的分类标准，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词；可数名词和不可数名词。
1、专有名词(Proper noun)
它是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如：Newton牛顿，San Francisco旧金山，Russia俄罗斯，United Nations联合国。
2、普通名词(common noun)
它是某一类人、事物或某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如：lawyer律师，market市场，computer计算机，rice大米，magazine杂志，freedom自由。
3、可数名词
可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。如：cup(杯子)，cat(猫)等。
4、不可数名词
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。如：milk(牛奶)，bread(面包)，coffee(咖啡)等。
动词（V.）
英语动词简称“v.”。 一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
代词（pron.）
代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。（如下图列举几种）
介词（prep）
介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。（部分介词的用法如下图）
数词（num.）
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词，基数词是表示数目多少的数词。
基数词
基数词用来表示数目多少，它包括表示数字的所有单词，记忆这些数字可以用数字构成分类记忆法。下图是我整理的一个简单的总结。
基数的作用
如下图，是我整理的关于基数作用的归纳。
序数词
序数词用来表示次序，在汉语中表示为“第几”，如：第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序数词在书写时可以缩写first缩写为1st，second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd。下图是我总结整理的一个具体变换样式。
序数词除了第一，第二，第三或个位数为一，二，三结尾的序数词外，其它序数词都是以-th结尾的，缩写也是对应的数字加-th，如fourth(第四)缩写为4th。同时也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼写变化。下图是我总结整理的变换样式。
20-90整十位数序数词需要将对应的基数词词尾中的y变为i，然后加eth构成。 21-99非整十位数序数词需要十位数用基数词，个位数用相应的序数词。十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。
如下图是我整理的20-90整十位数序数词和21-99非整十位数序数词的部分内容。
序数词的用法
序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the。可以用来表示顺序、楼层、编号、日期中的日等。
2.3.1.用来表示顺序，如:
I am always the first to come to school.
我总是第一个来学校的。
2.3.2.用来表示楼层，如:
My aunt lives on the fourth floor.
我姑妈住在四楼。
2.3.3.用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词+名词=名词(首字母要大写) +基数词。如:
第九部分the ninth part=Part nine
第四课the fourth lesson=Lesson Four
第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six
温馨提示:编号较大时，一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101，表示101号房间。
2.3.4.用来表示年、月、日: "年"用基数词， “日用序数词”，如:
1949年10月1日一写法：Oct. 1st, 1949.读作：Oct.(the) first，nineteen forty-nine.
2017年2月28日一写法：February 28th，2017读作：February， (the) twenty-eighth，two
thousand and seventeen.
2.3.5.序数词作"几分之几”时,有复数形式。如:
1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds；4/7→four sevenths；1/2→a half；1/4→one fourth =a quarter；3/4→three fourths =three quarters；50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).
2.3.6.有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语,如:
on second thoughts再三考虑
frst of all首先
at first当初
from first to last从头到尾
on second thoughts再三思考
second to none名列前茅
形容词（adj.）
遇到一个生词的时候要先查字典，看看这个词有几个词性，每一词性下对应的意思是什么；其次，查找这个单词衍生出的其它词性的单词，例如：credit（信誉）是名词，加上词缀-ible之后变为credible（可信的；可靠地)，作形容词和副词。
英语形容词可以根据词尾来识别。常见的形容词结尾如下:
●-able/-ible: credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible
●-al: annual, functional, individual, logical, essential
●-ful: awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful
●-ic: terrific, cubic, manic, rustic
●-ive: intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive
●-less: doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless
●-ous: adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.
副词（adv.）
说到副词对于初学者来说还有一个大块儿头是一定要记忆的，就是副词的十三种分类。记住这个的话，副词的主要脉络就抓住了。比如：副词表示方式、程度、时间什么的。但是，这里只说第一种，因为入门就是从简单的开始说，副词记住就是作状语，来修饰动词的。就这么简单。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下图是作者整理的总结性归纳。图一和图二进行衔接观看。
图一
图二
冠词（art.）
不定冠词
a,an是不定冠词，只用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意思。a用在以辅音开头的词前面；an用在以元音开头的词之前，如：a day;a boy;an apple等。
定冠词
the是定冠词，表示“这”“那”“这些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前。
冠词的基本用法
(1)单数可数名前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
I have a cute dog.我有一只可爱的小狗。
(2)复数形式可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西国家非常要。
(3)不可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。
(4)专有名词前一般不用冠词。
Beijing is the capital of China.北京中国的首都。
不定冠词a，an一般有any或one的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类。
(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a或an起介绍作用。
She is a teacher.她是一位老师。
(2)表示泛指某一类人或物。
A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一种冷血动物。
(3)表示某一类人或事物的任何一 个。
This is a cat.这是一只猫。
(4)用于抽象名词之前，使抽象名词具体化。
It is a pity that you are late.很遗憾你迟到了。
The ltte child is a joy to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多欢乐。
(5)用于物质名词之前，使物质名词普通化。
They made a fire to get warm.他们生火取暖。
注意:
(1) 当不定冠词所修饰的那个名词的第一个音(不是字母，而是读音)为元音时，不定冠词要用an，而以辅音开头时用a.
(2)在使用不定冠词时，要特别注意缩略词。
an unidentified flying object一个不明飞行物。缩略词: a UFO.
连词（conj.）
连词可以分成两类，一类是表示并列关系的连词。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等；一类是从属连词，用于引出从句，比如主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句等，比如that, if, when, so, for等。
并列连词又可以分成三类，一类是表示选择的并列关系的， 主要有or表示或者，否则，either...or不是...就是...，neither...nor....也不....例句如下:
What is your favoite，singing or dancing?什么是你的最爱?唱歌还是跳舞?
I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞.
Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告诉她真相，要么他告诉她真相。
另一类是表示转折关系的并列连词， 主要有but但是，while而等。 例句如下:
I like singing but dancing. 我喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。
I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌，而我姐姐喜欢跳舞。
还有就是表示并列关系的并列连词，比如and，bot...and，以及as...等。例句如下：
Don't waste food and time.不要浪费食物和时间。
This box is three times as big as that one.这个箱子比那个大三倍。
从属连词主要根据状语的类型来分类。引导时间状语从句的从属连词类型比较多，包括表示“当…时”的when，while，as或whenever；表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after；表示“自从或直到”的since，till和untile；表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。例句如下：
I was singing when she danced.当她在跳舞时，我在唱歌。
I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌时她正在跳舞。
She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌，她就跳舞。
引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有：because，for，as，since等。例句如下：
I study s go to the best school.因为我想上最好的学校，所以我才这么努力
引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有：in order that，so that，in case等。例句如下：
I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是为了能上最好的学校。
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有：so that，so...that，such..that等。例句如下：
I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我学习那么努力，所以我上了最好的学校。
感叹词（int.）
英语感叹词有：indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下图是我整理的一个总结性笔记。
学习计划
在我们熟悉了解音标和单词之后我们就可以为自己制定学习计划了。以下是我总结出的学习计划，方法不一定适应每个人，但是希望会对大家有一个帮助。
1.我们可以将5500个常见词汇分为30-50个Unit，每天背诵一个Unit（100-200个单词），一个月就可以完成一轮背诵，然后第二、三个月进行第二轮、三轮巩固复习。当然，每天早上背完一个新的Unit之后，我们需要在第30分钟、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、对每个单元进行及时重复复习。
2.【具体方法】：早上：拿一张白纸挡住中文意思，只看英文单词开始背诵，勾出不认识的单词。背完一个Unit之后，立刻把勾出的单词再背一遍（依旧遮住中文意思），如果还是有某个单词不认识，就再打勾背诵；30分钟后：把勾出来的单词重新自测一遍；晚上：睡前把打了2次及以上勾的单词重新自测一遍。以此类推，反复记忆。
3.【注意要点】：一定要严格按照表格重复，不要偷懒！不要偷懒！不要偷懒！如果偷懒一次，漏下一两个单元，今天耽误了，那明天想补救就会很难。比如，你3月20号背诵了Unit 12，你不仅要在30分钟后和晚上睡觉之前复习两遍Unit 10，你还需要在背完Unit 12后同步复习之前背过的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。
作者在这边也分享一下自己学习单词的视频链接：https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html，该视频里可以帮大家有效的学习到单词的读音，同时在视频中也教给大家如何利用学到的音标来进行拼读单词。如果有兴趣学习的小伙伴们可以跟着视频进行单词的学习。
APP推荐
百词斩
全民用的最多最火的背单词神器，下载量高达3亿，评分超级高。关键是适合不同年龄层次的人，可根据自己的身份选择不同的单词文本，有小学、初中、高中、大学、四六级、专业六级、八级，适合零基础的成年人从头开始学习。还有不同的背单词场景，根据不同的图片背诵单词，记忆效果很好，对零基础的成年人很友好。
沪江开心词场
趣味性极强的背单词神器，成功解决了背单词枯燥无味的问题。这个APP最大的特点就是，在闯关的过程中，顺便把单词背诵了，轻松有趣，很适合成年人在上下班地铁上背诵。闯关的过程，也是检验你是否掌握单词的过程，不记住，闯不了关，让你干着急，激发你的闯关欲望。
扇贝单词
不仅可以背单词，还可以做笔记。和其他APP不一样，这个软件背诵单词的速度飞快，不过还会有第二轮的检验，反复巩固，加强背诵效果。背诵之前，还会问你认不认识这个单词，如果不认识，出现的频率会更高。
语法
我们认识了单词之后，就可以来了解每个单词组成句子的语法问题。其实任何一门学科都是由浅入深的，英语也不例外。学习语法就像造房子，首先要把基础的语法脉络理清，打好根基，之后再慢慢补充和拓展，让知识巩固起来。
英语语法最基础的就是简单句的组成，之后我们才会慢慢了解到并列句、复合句以及从句，以下是我总结出的语法内容，我们一起来看看吧！
简单句语法
所有的句子都是通过简单句而组合的，只不过句子的结构拓宽了一点， 词汇丰富了一点，从而演变为其他的长句。
1.主谓
主谓就是主语 + 谓语的组合，比如：Spring comes 。这句话中主语是spring ，谓语是 comes 。
主语就是引领句子的开头部分，是一个句子的主体，英文是 subject ，我们用字母 S 代替。谓语可以理解为动词，英文是 verb，我们用字母 v 代替。
2.主谓宾
根据字面的意思就是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语组合而成的句子，比如 ： I love you .
这句话中主语是 i ，谓语是 love ，宾语就是在谓语后面的词，这里是 you。
宾语的英文是 object，这里用字母 o 代替。
3.主谓宾宾
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。
这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。
比如 ：I give you money .
这里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的宾语，give you 和 give money ，所以都是两个宾语。
4.主谓宾宾补
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。
比如 ：It makes me happy .
这里的 me 是 make 的宾语，但是 happy 不是 make 的宾语。
happy 是 me 的形容词，是一个宾补，全称为宾语补足语，起到了补充说明的作用。
注意 ：区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补
主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词，而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词，与谓语没有任何关系。
5.主系表
这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别
A be 动词 ： am is are was were
B 感官动词 （五官）
look 看起来
sound 听起来
smell 闻起来
taste 尝起来
feel 摸着....感觉......
C 变化动词
become / turn / go / get / grow
这里的表是代表表语，包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式todo
比如 you are beautiful 这句话中，you 是主语，are 是系动词，beautiful 是表语。
并列句语法
简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子，通过并列词成了并列句，通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 ：
并列句：简单句+并列词+简单句
并列词一般有：and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however，
1.表示并列：
and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...
Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .
2.表示选择：
or，or else，otherwise，either...or...
Hurry or you won't make the train.
3.表示对比、转折：
but，whileyet，however，never，
I like tea while she likes coffee.
4.表示原因：for
I am thirsty , for it is hot .
复合句：简单句+从属连词+简单句
从属连词有：that /wether/if。
从句语法
名词性从句
当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时，又被称呼为不同的名字。
当作为主语时，称为主语从句。
当称为宾语时，称为宾语从句，同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 ：
主语从句 What she said is wrong .
宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.
表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.
同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.
记住一点，不管什么从句，你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。
那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语，就是主语从句，作宾语就是宾语从句。
同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。
定语从句
修饰限定名词，汉语中“的”前面的内容。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
关系副词引导的定语从句
when where why
状语从句
修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式。
1.时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant,
I was fat when I was a child.
2.地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Keep it where you can see it.
3.原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .
4.目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
study hard so that you can pass the exam.
5.结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
6.条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
If you ask him, he will help you.
7.方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
Think as i think
8.比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
The house is three times as big as ours.
9.让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Though I believe it，yet I must consider.
时态、语态问题
时态的本质是：时+态。
所以学习时态，一定要把时和态分开来看待。
I am a teacher.
这句话，时间是“现在时”，状态是“一般态”
英语里有4种时间：
过去，现在，将来，过去将来
英语里有4种状态：
一般态：非完成，非进行
进行态：动作的延续
完成态：在截止时间时，完成了的事情
完成进行态(几乎不用)：过去是，到截止时间是，将来还是的事情(强调截止时间)
如下图，两个是我整理的笔记内容。
学习计划
1.从阅读时理解语法，再用语法书夯实理解而成的专业知识。举一个典型的例子。冠词the看似简单，实际上用法难懂变化多端。一本详细的语法书通常会记录数十条应用the的规则，及其不计其数的不可抗力事件，并且除外中依然存在除外。
2.学精语法，英语语感比规则关键。培养阅读英文的好习惯。仍以the为例。每一次读书的时候难免会遇到the字数十次，而每次都是看到不同情况，不同类型的句型。
3.读书时碰到疑惑，前去阅览语法书。这时候，语法书里的复杂规则就恰好派上用场了。由于你明白自己要请，都知道这种语法规则用于具体的语句。
以下几个图片是我在网上进行搜索归纳的总结性笔记，一列为一种总结内容，图一至图四为整体内容，图二衔接图一结尾，图三衔接图二结尾，图四衔接图三结尾。
图一
图二
图三
图四
给大家讲了这么多书面上的语法问题，作者在这里给学习英语的小伙伴们介绍一下我在学习英语时候借鉴的视频。视频中老师充分讲解了初步学习英语适用的语法问题，在讲解的同时还为大家用例句进行了说明。视频链接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）
推荐书籍
《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》
本书内容非常简单，可以帮助语法薄弱的学习者慢慢理解语法。它分为三个部分：初级句型、中级句型和高级句型。初级句型共讲解了五种基本句型；中级句型有四种，即形容词从句、名词从句、状语从句和倒装句。另外这本书的冠词、不定式和动名词的语法相比其他语法书的讲解更透彻。
《English Grammar in Use》
本书的语法范例，主要是以情景为例，将抽象的语法概念更具体化、也易于理解。书中材料均来自英语母语国家，表达地道，让学习者可以学以致用，让学习的效率更好。全书图文并茂，内容生动，对语法知识点进行分类对比，可以让学习者快速梳理思路，学习起来事半功倍。
《柯林斯英语语法》
《柯林斯英语语法》的体例和所有的英语语法书都不一样，不是按照句型排列的，而是按照表达法和表达功能排列的，而内容也侧重于灵活实用的功能语法讲解，强调语法和词汇的结合。
句子
通过了单词和语法的认识，持之以恒记忆对话、课文中的佳句是丰富我们语言，积累句式的好方法。而能对熟悉的句子进行变通也是学习英语的重要技巧之一。现在虽然考试不考句型转换，但是句型转换可以加深我们的记忆和知识的拓展。（想详细了解英语造句内容的可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识英语基础https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）
句子成分
句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种，其中，主语和谓语是主要成分有，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分是次要成分。
一、主语
主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
二、谓语
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。
We often speak English in class.
三、宾语
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢？看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。
He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语)
四、定语
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)
五、状语
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
Light travels most quickly. (副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)
六、补语
补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
His father named him Dongming. (名词)
They painted their boat white. (形容词)
七、表语
表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉)
八、同位语
同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。同位语和补语的区别在于：补语不能缺少，同位语可以缺少。
九、独立成分
独立成分，是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面，与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时，它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。
陈述句
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。陈述句的核心是非常基础的。这个句子里有一个名词和一个动词。句子可以有其他成分，如形容词、副词和其他词。但是最简单的形式就是名词和动词。
陈述句的基本句型：
(1)主语+连系动词+表语
(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)
(3)主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语
(4)主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语
(5)主语+谓语(及物动词) V.+宾语+宾语补足语
肯定句
The river flooded.河水泛滥了。(主谓 )
He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主谓滨)
He can teach you English.他可以教你英语。(主谓+双宾)
He painted the desk blue.他把书桌涂成了色。(主谓滨宾补)
He is a doctor.他是一名医生。(主系表)
否定句
The river did not/didn't flood. 河水没有泛滥。
He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他没有幽默感。
He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英语。
He didn't paint the desk blue.他没有把书桌涂成蓝色。
He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名医生。
疑问句
一般疑问句
通常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实，其回答通常是yes或no，因此这类问句又叫做“是非问句”。下面是句型。
Is there something wrong with this machine?这台机器有问题吗?
Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了吗?
Shall we go on?我们继续向前吗?
Will he not agree with you?他不同意你吗?
Haven't you any sisters?你没有姐妹吗?
Don't you like this movie?你不喜欢这部电影吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是对句中的某一部分提出疑问，通常以who、where、when、why等疑问词开头，因此又叫“wh-问句”。下面是句型。
Who are you?你是谁?
Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和谁打乒乓球?
Whose glasses are broken?谁的眼镜打碎了?
Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?
What do they want to do?他们想要做什么?
When does she want to practice?她想要什么时候练习?
Where is the restroom?洗手间在哪里?
Why did you leave?你为什么离开了 ?|
How do you study English?你怎么学习英语?
选择疑问句
选择疑问句是对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问方式。下面是句型。
Shall we go by bus or by train?我们乘汽车还是乘秋车?，
Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我帮你,还是你自己解决?
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一样, 咖啡还是茶?
Coffee or tea?咖啡还是茶?
Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰，你最喜欢哪样?
反义疑问句
反意疑问句又称为附加疑问句，英语称为tag question，是一种常用于口语的疑问句式，主要由“陈述句(或祈使句) + 疑问句”构成。下面是句型。
陈述句有 be 动词时，以该be动词形成反问；陈述句有助动词（will、shall、can、have...）时，以该助动词形成反问；陈述句只有动词时，按主语人称及该动词时态，置 do、does、did 形成反问。下面是句型。下面是句型。
Study hard, will you?要用功，好不好?
Don't do it, will you?不要做这件事，好不好?
Let me go, will you?让我走，好不好?
Let's stop here, shall we?我们在这里停下，好吗?
There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在这个咖啡厅有无线网络，对吗?
The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢，对吗?
Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅长数学,对吗?
John is going to study English, isn't he? John会学习英文,对吗?
祈使句
祈使句是英语中的一个句式，也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
感叹句
感叹句是英语四大功能句型之一，主要用来表示高兴、愤怒、厌恶或者欣赏等强烈感情的句子，句末通常用感叹号！结尾，说话时用降调。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
简单句
由一个主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）构成。只有一套主谓结构。主语可理解为“谁？”，谓语视为“做什么？”“是什么？”。
简单句五种基本句型：
主系表 SVP
主谓SV
主谓宾SVO
主谓双宾SVOO
主谓宾宾补SVOC
下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
并列句
是并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列而成，有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。并列句的基本句型：“分句+并列连词/特殊符号+分句”。并列连词：and(和，而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因为) so (所以)。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
特殊句式
存在句
存在句在英语中是用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义，而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以从结构，句型来分析，可以有多种时态形式。相关的语法重点有：存在句的谓语动词，存在句非限定形式，存在句主谓一致等。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
省略句
在英语中，名词可以省略，动词可以省略，动词当中不但系动词这样的可以省略，连实意动词也是可以省略的，只要它已经出现过了。会使用省略句是英语水平走向高阶的一个标志，在使用省略句的时候，不要担心对方看不懂或者听不懂。只要你用的正确，不存在别人不能理解。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
倒装句
为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。英语倒装句的7种形式，希望能帮助你理解英语句子。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。
强调句
强调句型是一种特殊句式，用于表示说话者强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是通过某种手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更重要。强调句型的结构如图所示：
学习计划
【第一步】：看大标题，图片，小标题，看完之后大概猜测文章是关于什么的，目的在于对文章有个模糊的印象。
【第二步】：重点略读，主要读每段第一句和最后一句，大概了解每个段的内容，目的在于对文章结构有个整体把握，比如典型的结构——介绍问题、给出原因、提出解决方法、说明潜在风险、对未来进行判断。
【第三步】：全文略读，读的时候让尽可能多的信息进入眼眶，略读次要信息，抓重点信息(核心观点、重要前提、重要假设)，并对重点信息进行精读，同时对觉得不错的内容再进行标记。目的在于掌握重点信息，方面以后复查或者积累写作素材。(这时候不懂的单词可以圈起来，只要不影响文章大意理解就不查，等到最后一步再查)
【第四步】：不断来回查找信息，对比是否存在疏漏，目的在于梳理文章结构，掌握文章整体脉络。
【第五步】：带着结构重新略读阅读信息，精读标记信息，看是否理解清楚，是否需要进一步的查询工作。
学习计划制定好后，作者这边推荐小伙伴们可以在b站上跟着这位老师学习学习，他的视频内容充分的为大家解决了句型问题，同时还利用造句的方式帮助小伙伴们可以更加深刻的了解英语句子的组成部分，视频链接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b
阅读外文文章
《读者文摘》
读者文摘在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年创刊，这是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。适用人群是英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党。
同时，由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性，中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。非常适合考试党提高英语能力和语感，是夯实英语基础的大众型读物。
购买方式：直接联系中图订购纸本，这种刊物在国内订阅是完全许可的。都是英文原版，按期引进。读者文摘是那种小册子，时代是标准的杂志。现在国家对外籍刊物进口管理比较严格，自己从网上订电子版往往会被屏蔽掉。
《经济学人》
这是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志，创办于1843年9月，创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智，幽默，有力度，严肃又不失诙谐，并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名，是社会精英必不可少的读物。
里面的文章十分经典，经常出现在考研的阅读理解里面，可见里面的用词、用句的高水平。还有很重要的一点，就是《经济学人》里面还会涉及大量的词汇、固定搭配以及长难句，不仅仅是提升阅读水平，对于词汇积累、语法提升等都大有好处。
就里面所有的板块和内容而言，个人最喜欢其中的 obituary 和 special report 部分，前者会写很多有趣的人，很有意思。后者则涉及政治、经济、社会、科技领域的时新专题报道，属于涨知识的必备栏目。
阅读方式：一些免费提供离线资源的网站，这块要用谷歌搜，或者用必应国际版，但很多更新更新着就不更新了，免费的可以搜一个关键词：西贝博客。还有国内一些网站提供付费的离线资源，这块是一种选择，只要会用指令搜索，就可以搜索进行查看。
还有就是通过发邮件到经济学人官方，咨询他们有哪些授权渠道商，再通过这些渠道商去订阅。
英语中期学习
听力
我们在锻炼听力的时候一定不要听那些东拼西凑的英语磁带，而是选择一个听力材料就彻底把它拿下。材料里的每一个单词、每一个短语都要听清楚。为了达到这一点，你必须听写。
明确学习任务
第一步是先纠正自己的音标，这是最基础的，我们之所以听不懂是因为我们发音不标准，我们也听不出来英语发音。所以首先必须纠正好自己的音标。
第二步是要扩大自己的单词量，好多人不注意这一点，认为听力的单词量有限，但是一定要把自己的单词量扩大到一定的范围。
第三步是训练听力，首先训练单个单词，先听单个单词，然后在逐渐的听句子，这是很主要的，要循序渐进。
第四步是在听听力的时候，一定要在自己听不懂的地方多听几遍，并把相关的单词和句子抄下来，经常去阅读。
第五步是每天坚持听听力至少2个小时，这是非常关键的一步，不要怕辛苦，坚持下来就行。
第六步是可以坚持看美剧或者坚持听外国的音乐和相关的歌曲，对自己的听力都有很大的帮助。
听力的基础练习可以在b站上搜索发音词典（这是用户）进行用于听力练习，这个老师的视频中开头部分就为大家制定好了听力规则，在观看视频的时候也可以充分的锻炼自己的英语听力。视频的链接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b
学习小技巧
1、学会抓关键词
在听力过程中，我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间，快速浏览选项，对比其不同之处，在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份，帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。
2、学会划分意群
很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听，想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的，也是很难做到的。因此，我们要学会划分意群来听，分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间，并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。
3、学会提前思考
在听力开始之前，你就要浏览完材料，结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么，目的又是什么。并学会猜测，包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置，所以，听听力要积极主动。
4、学会做笔记
好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰，让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神，记住相关信息，因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的，因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。
5、学会注意数字
要注意以下几方面：常规数字的连读，百分数，分数，小数，百分比，电话号码，航班号，驾照号，信用卡号等等。
推荐学习网站
BBC Learning English
我一定要把它放在第一位，因为只要想到网路上的免费英文学习资源，第一个要推荐的绝对是BBC Learning English。
这个被公认为全球最佳的英文学习网站，不只具有英文单字词汇、文法、发音、听力、会话、阅读以及学习测验等丰富多元的学习教材，而且也一直持续更新教学内容。
除了可以用网路学习之外，也可以免费下载mp3语音和文字稿到电脑，当作持续自学进修练习的免费教材。
TED
TED Talks是可以一边听演讲一边训练英文听力的网站。在这里有不同领域的专业人士所发表的科学、娱乐、文化、教育、艺术等等专题英文演讲影片，除了训练正式英文的听力之外，还可以增长知识，开拓自己的视野。可以观看约10~20分钟TED Talks练习英文听力，听不懂时，还可阅读演讲稿理解影片内容。
English Online France
English Online France是一个非常有趣的在线英文听力训练网站，依照初级、中级和高级区分的英文听力训练教材共超过一百个项目，包括听写练习与测验的MP3语音教材以及听力练习与测验的影片。
口语
语言不是教会的，而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望，应力争语言训练的各种机会。应该不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。（口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索，也可以结合下文讲解，在该连接中看视频配合学习https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）
明确学习任务
1. 一定要用完整句子对话
面对任何问题，都不能只回答表面内容，一定要在此基础上展开回答。如果别人问你一个问题，你只回答 Yes 或者 No，那如何提高口语呢？即使遇到了一个你根本不了解或者不会的问题，也千万不要用：“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”来回应。比如别人问了一个最基础的问题，“Where are you from?” 你千万不能只说：“I come from Beijing.”正确的做法是：先说明你来自北京，然后介绍一下北京的风土人情、家乡美食等等，最后再和对方互动一下，问你去过北京吗？或者你觉得北京这座城市怎么样呢？
2.多使用一些复杂句和从句
然后在平时练习过程中，要将简单句和复杂句交错使用，不要一直用简单的句子，这样会显得你的水平很 Low，也不要一直说很复杂的句子，因为很容易出错。在变换不同的句式的时候，记得不要出错。避免一直说简单句的最好方法就是，多说一些稍微复杂一点的从句，比如定语从句、条件状语从句、主语从句等等，同时一些相同意思的句子也不要用重复表达，要学会多尝试用不同的句式说出来。
3.通过美剧学习口语
通过美剧学习英语口语也是很多人可能有尝试的方法，对于上班族来说可以一边放松心情的同时学习英语。我建议可选择那些与日常生活比较贴近、故事情节较强的影视材料。例如金色年代。
口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索MrYang杨家成，这个老师讲解的每个视频内容虽然简短，但是老师在讲解前就利用学生的错误发音进行纠正，充满趣味性的同时也能认识到口语发音方面的错误。我这边为大家找到一个不错的视频内容，链接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b，如果需要的话可以试着看看一看。
英音发音学习
1.建立英音的肌肉反射
在我们开始在美音和英音间做出实质性的发音改变之前。我们首先要知道，发音的改变是要体现在每一个音上的，这样的改变才能导致整体上发音的变化。这包括说话过程中嘴型的变化，以及嘴部肌肉运动方式的变化。这是一个整体上的变化。并不只在有某个变化音的词里，你才能听到这样的变化，而是在每个音节上都可以听的出来。
所以想要练习一口标准的英式英语，第一步也是必不可少的一步就是练习音标。将每个音标老老实实的学习，通过肌肉发射，对后面的英式英语的口语练习能有很大的帮助。
2.建立英音语言环境
学一门语言，最好的当然就是处于一个特定的语言环境内。既然我们是在国内，没有办法实现英式英语的环境，那么我就可以通过听力来实现输入的问题，通过口语来实现输出的问题。
而对于锻炼听力，最推从的方法就是听万能的BBC了。你要知道，在BBC，不仅仅只有新闻的，BBC还有很多栏目，比如BBC Learning，就是可以通过上面的视频进行练习口语听力的栏目。
3.建立口语交流机制
现在互联网这么发达，我们完全可以通过sns来和世界交流。你只要学会FAN墙，就可以通过Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp来找到愿意和你交流的人，如果他愿意学习中文是再好不过的了，这样互助互利是最持久的。不过记住，我们是要练习英式英语，所以最好找英国，或者加拿大的。
4.英式发音技巧
“R”不发音，不卷舌
T不发D音，发T音或不发音
请注意，“H”并不总是发音
单词“been”的读音是“bean”，而不是“bin”
结尾降调
美音发音学习
1.准备好学习的视频参照物
仅仅是自己照着音标、课本练习朗读，不能使自己的发音改善。学习发音视频教程，才是最容易、最直观、最简单的方法。因为，可以直观地看到美国人的嘴形、舌头的位置，这样可以很容易自我调整。
请在免费WiFi下，请自行百度：美式发音训练视频教程(汇总贴)。可以很容易找到美国Paul老师的视频教程。
2.制定学习计划，每天学习1集视频
每天观看1集视频，并且在安静、不被打扰的环境下学习。跟着视频一起，自己张口练习。练习时，不用去记忆生词，只需要张口练习发音就好。
学习完1集视频后，找找自己熟悉的单词、简单句子，按照刚刚学会的方法轻松、张口朗读。
嘴巴重新习惯需要时间。所以，请在学习第2、3、4天，轻松复习第1天学习的发音，并张口练习。这时，不用重新看视频，只需要读一读单词、简单句子。
3.巩固训练
在平时自己朗读自己喜欢的文章时，特意留意学会的新的发音。这是进步的最后一步。如果自己没有调整，还是按照自己以前的发音方法，那就没进步了!
如果按照这样的步骤，认真练习，任何一个自己不会的发音，每位朋友都可以在1周内熟练掌握。1个月内就可以掌握所有的标准美式发音了。
4.强化训练
如果学习过美国Paul老师的教程，还觉得不够。再推荐一个视频教程：
美国 Lisa 老师的——Lisa美语视频教程。请按照同样的反复，每次学习30分钟吧
5.美式发音技巧
当字母R出现在最后一个字母位置的时候，要发卷舌音。
当字母R的后面紧跟一个辅音字母的时候，这里的R要发音/r/
美式发音中的第二个特征,是关于美式浊化音。比如letter这个单词，其中的字母t就需要百分之五十浊化成发音/d/，有点类似ladder了。.
口语app
扇贝口语
这是一款旨在让用户“听得懂、说得出”的英语口语学习app，适合所有阶段人群，扇贝口语的课程系统完善，而且形式比较丰富，包括角色扮演，发音打分和故事模式，通过跟读以及听音复述和智能打分的形式，帮助培养开口习惯，纠正发音错误。
流利说英语
这是一款智能口语打分软件，内置各种以场景为主题的课程，你可以跟读模仿，然后系统会根据你的发音情况进行打分，他的练习材料非常丰富，从教材到职场，从生活到影视剧，而且都有难度划分，逐渐升级。
英语后期学习
练习
后期就要把你珍藏的真题拿出来了，从头到尾掐准时间（可以在开始的时候把时间写在卷题上，结束对照一下时间），作文可以先不写（前5套真题左右，把作文专项练习一下），一套真题两三天左右吃透，半个月时间把作文好好练习一下（文末附有大小作文模板以及视频），做完对照答案，（如何分析和做阅读，前面的文章已经讲过了）分数依然不重要，重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方，单词、语法、阅读速度还是注意力的问题。
背单词
单词不用说，该背还要背，这个时间可以有侧重点的背，同时还需要把重点放在真题中单词上来，一定要注意熟词僻义。
阅读
仔细思考做题过程中的这个题做错了，为什么做错，我当初怎么想的，答案又是怎么说的，有没有了解出题人的意图，带着这些问题，把错的选项分析一遍，做个小结，在题旁边标注，属于哪种错误，是粗心大意还是单词或者翻译错误等；其次是单词，这个单词我背过吗，是生词还是背过忘了，然后查出这个单词，记在自己的单词本或者在单词出处记下来，第二天背下来。
作文
怎么构思，如果这次试卷就是考试，我该从哪下手，我是不是又用了，老掉牙的词，背的好词好句有没有用上等；最后就是总结，把阅读、单词、作文遇到的问题做个总结，做个规划去处理，然后第二天去复习，直到这张试卷你认为没有什么价值了，那么你复盘总结就是成功的。
总结
最后说一下完成这个阶段所需的时间，我建议用两个月去完成是比较合适的。不要拖太长时间，不要在学习的舒适区呆太久。我们是需要感觉到自己在进步，需要有很多正反馈才能继续坚持学习的。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语是国际网络语言，是金融界语言，是空中交通管制语言，是流行音乐的语言，涵盖了人类生活的方方面面，学好英语就如同打开了一扇世界之窗，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"我国是经济大国，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"普及英语更是国情需要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX6vMqZxgns9mjfIR7aq1sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuxF06Stq6O0au8uSuOPYpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背词的方法因人而异，但是万变不离其宗，就是要多写、多读，还要多用。背单词的目的不单单是要会念会写，既然是从零开始，那么首先要掌握的必然是26个字母和48个国际音标的发音和写法了。我这边先为大家介绍一下音标的读法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6EDeaDDgCKE7rfIdqGbkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb49IWExsMuUEFu2UaJXJve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.单元音：前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ；中元音︰[A]、[o:]；后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniR0xoQAwPp10oxZK30iSEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.双元音：开合双元音：[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnplvNfSsOsmD0Ew7pLWWvYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3辅音：爆破音：清辅音[p]、[t]、[k]；浊辅音：[b]、[d]、[g]；摩擦音：清辅音：[f]、[s]、[O]、[h]；浊辅音：[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r]；爆破音：[t]、[tr]、[ts]；浊辅音：[d3]、[dr]、[dz]；鼻音：[m]、[n]、[n]；半元音：[0]、[w]。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr4W5QwCQzCNSki5B4w4f1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（学习音标的话可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识音标","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenaturalu0026vid=2050891487235808454"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenaturalu0026vid=2050891487235808454","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmrhR5MK4nmR5LR8O6yQbeT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习单词视频链接：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgeoWLZT4M4vORBJtoqLLe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30a0fb6ae5fc49c784433ef71e2c81e6","width":541},"text":"","id":"doxcnairL6iMHNXUIUXQWFns3Xf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/806f1274e6754f8fa045d38422b80f70","width":801},"text":"","id":"doxcn3CuDAaHWIiqedjSEzdZQAh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下的内容是我总结出的关于单词的一个分类总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词（n.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEvxlGEHLswaa0vbrbckDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词。按照不同的分类标准，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词；可数名词和不可数名词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlh4Q7ODsYMrPE3dOHqNoNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、专有名词(Proper noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR6TnhMLEYpJw1ryAxAmzrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如：Newton牛顿，San Francisco旧金山，Russia俄罗斯，United Nations联合国。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBCCyEqVmEbSdNcB9muoCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、普通名词(common noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl1ianjNpY7UeYT7NONx8Tc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是某一类人、事物或某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如：lawyer律师，market市场，computer计算机，rice大米，magazine杂志，freedom自由。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6apgNhL7YDhIk2YR0LASd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、可数名词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO5sgpnXlfExWljLK6k8jvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。如：cup(杯子)，cat(猫)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNkCrVRH82Vs0gk5p63jEWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不可数名词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrOfaRKPfZJ2Zo3f8H7sg3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an。如：milk(牛奶)，bread(面包)，coffee(咖啡)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLP6OPA4MTCcx2rDoRg7rgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动词（V.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYNTDByFinTiEhgxl7a7be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语动词简称“v.”。 一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ8Q65VgXDg6bepX5Vlwrlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":263,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"动词（V.）","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c32267c6dd10461b8283ca3e5ea7e6c1","width":394},"text":"","id":"doxcnxTqUgHQi8WqmTzrpQu4ivd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"代词（pron.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfsEIzKKEq0j2RWhn1N48od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。（如下图列举几种）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndsFHK3R6gNvxsJd1aUxkHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"代词（pron.）","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/151af1aa0fb14aa39e7c0516d102101e","width":759},"text":"","id":"doxcnAsAOXgbji1P5RzMlotVHgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"介词（prep）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRtesECJsl86mR1qUYgs9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。（部分介词的用法如下图）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu1XVviQ72RjwYgSua9K8xb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"介词（prep）","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2220502a5c91443e886cd5b0fbb7adda","width":644},"text":"","id":"doxcnbEPt5AzCqILJzhzL5bXq3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"数词（num.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAq7rSQz3DQTTZQhJl39uYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"数词是指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词，基数词是表示数目多少的数词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1wgNeJ6qn8Yao2SmB6vMUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnovWPOlFExe9UzzvYp5D9Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词用来表示数目多少，它包括表示数字的所有单词，记忆这些数字可以用数字构成分类记忆法。下图是我整理的一个简单的总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCP0gi16U8k9D1h0ggZPxEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce11edda66244aab0c0ed55d4107563","width":746},"text":"","id":"doxcnz8OW1aZaKBlutmiDFjMZvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基数的作用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUnBqmYZWWcD5ebTKQwRmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图，是我整理的关于基数作用的归纳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhwSd4gdMvXljnnexunADf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5bc24f37038a4dd689dd16109f68b992","width":795},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6JCG3zhbQ2JZHIYFCeg7n"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNd2QMlUsW4a7QQxY4Bz9jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词用来表示次序，在汉语中表示为“第几”，如：第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序数词在书写时可以缩写first缩写为1st，second缩写为2nd,third缩写为3rd。下图是我总结整理的一个具体变换样式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7wJeogWPgEKgp2DJpUjovd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":248,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55b5956998b44a49aa1220de1b60b254","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IJuGKCRF4sdMOsC68UIGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词除了第一，第二，第三或个位数为一，二，三结尾的序数词外，其它序数词都是以-th结尾的，缩写也是对应的数字加-th，如fourth(第四)缩写为4th。同时也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼写变化。下图是我总结整理的变换样式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb17IQMLHEk3C6TcRW5PXie"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce2900cdba8544a1aaf11a4761ac57c2","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcn6U6rQAkruuAM1tVzDR7QNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20-90整十位数序数词需要将对应的基数词词尾中的y变为i，然后加eth构成。 21-99非整十位数序数词需要十位数用基数词，个位数用相应的序数词。十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnog1pLNpDDqAqGebm8xMW5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图是我整理的20-90整十位数序数词和21-99非整十位数序数词的部分内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjb9X9jgK4or1tSLa93Ukyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":255,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8086d8fc824847afaccd238a3d8ca0b8","width":406},"text":"","id":"doxcnj9iMee8eyg0TsyAAnAQKld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"序数词的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1zQvWJnkEguR0fWt0XUXzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the。可以用来表示顺序、楼层、编号、日期中的日等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8R1OLRlbnmUNBbYNOZI3Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.1.用来表示顺序，如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3BOQ063TyoGw6kGwe98SQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am always the first to come to school.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhFPHKUz2nRivPKgw9Y7kkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我总是第一个来学校的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRA2j1N5MF9lRQnKDE6jbqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.2.用来表示楼层，如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORD5KBBDjLRkPHxnXvVu5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My aunt lives on the fourth floor.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAtW1eyAgbUMMvUO34hXf8m"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我姑妈住在四楼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndV8H1OWQ7ZRZh61zziVGee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.3.用来表示编号,其结构为:the +序数词+名词=名词(首字母要大写) +基数词。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQi6GBYiKZ9RypRLGstSonc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第九部分the ninth part=Part nine","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJGDvyoRlf13B6fZk6S37Ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四课the fourth lesson=Lesson Four","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnntosWHt503kQCJRNraH9Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JQFe7QOZuUFsV3sUwnwMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"温馨提示:编号较大时，一般仅用第二种表达法。Room 101，表示101号房间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASpg96TjmioiSgBPlCDR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.4.用来表示年、月、日: "年"用基数词， “日用序数词”，如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUQWucoGUt2Tdl0pPHlzDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1949年10月1日一写法：Oct. 1st, 1949.读作：Oct.(the) first，nineteen forty-nine.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntcPUSm22TTPF3CCTNbYhtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2017年2月28日一写法：February 28th，2017读作：February， (the) twenty-eighth，two","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6PL39A3Vfjayd4yy3ARZZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"thousand and seventeen.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6bri8oRhtnjIxRA2CMfCZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.5.序数词作"几分之几”时,有复数形式。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWulPJ9ZStHilTAu14qiKqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds；4/7→four sevenths；1/2→a half；1/4→one fourth =a quarter；3/4→three fourths =three quarters；50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpVYZOz8vVd6PUUk7ahvCFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.6.有些序数词可以构成固定词组和习语,如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBu1TNOlgctvRBdDXzI4XYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三考虑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL50XgJiaMu8NzIfgIKHkPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"frst of all首先","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmu4pu0u3J7JxoVPtdzgdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"at first当初","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrtiVST8ICM0IHlsldPtSib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"from first to last从头到尾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6R6Asbxv5FaYt4CAPagwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX8mtXgkZI2ee63TaOpx9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"second to none名列前茅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR1IIFsDaBmw7yPpCoq3ccf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"形容词（adj.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnebm8nfkllzjMjXkoFXGVNK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遇到一个生词的时候要先查字典，看看这个词有几个词性，每一词性下对应的意思是什么；其次，查找这个单词衍生出的其它词性的单词，例如：credit（信誉）是名词，加上词缀-ible之后变为credible（可信的；可靠地)，作形容词和副词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMqyHOtXSEadbbOs7hb3Ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语形容词可以根据词尾来识别。常见的形容词结尾如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0nh7wQ05TVDsox28qM19Dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-able/-ible:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpHo2orVvzX8MZ8n7Mh2yEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-al:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" annual, functional, individual, logical, essential","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnspwpQ9oPCLzynHHexaKlkT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ful:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaxzjCIiMWym1Qp5x17pobg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ic:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" terrific, cubic, manic, rustic","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLv6TOhxiY5GzmxzytVGIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ive:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6qXOIEBfUPOy3k5ymrDaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"●-less: ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZnhqTT6irXSy1Qc36p2mEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ous:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A5f4GIZ1f9bV95fRjzOob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"副词（adv.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4K7kYFLB50w4U46uanZRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"说到副词对于初学者来说还有一个大块儿头是一定要记忆的，就是副词的十三种分类。记住这个的话，副词的主要脉络就抓住了。比如：副词表示方式、程度、时间什么的。但是，这里只说第一种，因为入门就是从简单的开始说，副词记住就是作状语，来修饰动词的。就这么简单。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下图是作者整理的总结性归纳。图一和图二进行衔接观看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjsOeDiLcaY5OTNNsUcrTRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":428,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副词（adv.）","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb96301675234ac48478f5ba034ab6f7","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcnctrOmPeJgC8S8Gb66TaJt6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBSvGMnH5nuJHgL1H7y7Yg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副词（adv.）","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/95b36c589bf1477d98dbce931beeb6d3","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcn1modnqtebcTjCaqTOR68k9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqDcDQ5LWl79VebIF4K4JFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冠词（art.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUVR0tZOrjRqQK1h0Ou6ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFYjjhDrCwcWOA7ETG9bVUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a,an是不定冠词，只用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意思。a用在以辅音开头的词前面；an用在以元音开头的词之前，如：a day;a boy;an apple等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ubgb6aXZ7Bc9eS0kPT46g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"定冠词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfi2HNoomvn17DTcIYkgc09"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"the是定冠词，表示“这”“那”“这些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBparDtLKVxYcR9GvviFz1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"冠词的基本用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnby0Uyt6vA5a0OgGZO8R9TR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)单数可数名前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnen9rEqIh5wr1DyXJLM4pDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I have a cute dog.我有一只可爱的小狗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxn2fdC3csmbbzZUxdQySWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)复数形式可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8UdMEZhM36UlFVYuuz88U"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西国家非常要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnejQxE0ObCzRl49Zw8Mkq5w"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9HwLBBNXyxnXz18KPYNKOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndCOSG1zaN1RTJM6zXwhPwB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)专有名词前一般不用冠词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbLyKedELK0ZQHetc2qvLlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Beijing is the capital of China.北京中国的首都。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFKHIGNrOdtq7ZDOOrDeAeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠词a，an一般有any或one的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkHNa28SDN6Cph6cAtbwEgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a或an起介绍作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLNrD9qIvnZA7AVlFmEggNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She is a teacher.她是一位老师。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxqtPLYChGJVOX2ex4UZCuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)表示泛指某一类人或物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnefWis0FFsWLkWr0cf3eXdd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一种冷血动物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKbikLl4nEr4mXUtXbgJ9pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)表示某一类人或事物的任何一 个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqPkrN3VdxO5OIzF8rzxFlA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is a cat.这是一只猫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhxJFy1p8IOJnESgClWa6Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)用于抽象名词之前，使抽象名词具体化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgkY45Ul9TbMWHxbLBcABe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"It is a pity that you are late.很遗憾你迟到了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj7fYGtJ9xwbzhcBUwlSCng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The ltte child is a joy to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多欢乐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5aN09PLUQc5I3Tz5iYpoNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)用于物质名词之前，使物质名词普通化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn30GLVplhVUCKSRSOkMMo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They made a fire to get warm.他们生火取暖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYtcymoKKzcucKclvGEMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19vNhHNag5VnNodx3zNxT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" (1) 当不定冠词所修饰的那个名词的第一个音(不是字母，而是读音)为元音时，不定冠词要用an，而以辅音开头时用a.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBvYWKfziOFfvG1ad9fVFcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)在使用不定冠词时，要特别注意缩略词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn58yFtBw66IIwDaZ3C95LEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"an unidentified flying object一个不明飞行物。缩略词: a UFO.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhZ71AK9Q8SoQYndoiZFyb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连词（conj.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5ltxUFxOFfSAoDke4vyajc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连词可以分成两类，一类是表示并列关系的连词。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等；一类是从属连词，用于引出从句，比如主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句等，比如that, if, when, so, for等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpK9ncNqDTc9CaVilhT3Jhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"并列连词又可以分成三类，一类是表示选择的并列关系的， 主要有or表示或者，否则，either...or不是...就是...，neither...nor....也不....例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuNgYATQKgT9yCvRo46zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What is your favoite，singing or dancing?什么是你的最爱?唱歌还是跳舞?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjvj48VBiz9KDIkm6e33uh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetCcs49rR98ehs8SWALA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告诉她真相，要么他告诉她真相。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQNBhmwSU5nlrLkPMvj4gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另一类是表示转折关系的并列连词， 主要有but但是，while而等。 例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnldk9C8HN6cpjGWIuZIsL0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing but dancing. 我喜欢唱歌但不喜欢跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvLchdOUrD1rqyz0tzoi6lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌，而我姐姐喜欢跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPqYrMeKe1pLgKwzwE0u9Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"还有就是表示并列关系的并列连词，比如and，bot...and，以及as...等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn81q42VaPhwB34mKZkhHYVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't waste food and time.不要浪费食物和时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfktjQAKXprUub3d0Kfd7Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This box is three times as big as that one.这个箱子比那个大三倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncU8nJZJpElc8hXZcCtLaNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从属连词主要根据状语的类型来分类。引导时间状语从句的从属连词类型比较多，包括表示“当…时”的when，while，as或whenever；表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after；表示“自从或直到”的since，till和untile；表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBAFUHs2OEIpYxk12TqBLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was singing when she danced.当她在跳舞时，我在唱歌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAREmDqwVTcVyeMfekp8Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌时她正在跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9nZGHg3qjRbxcpbCeQk7Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌，她就跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7R7I1pQxMhebtZ70zwTbVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有：because，for，as，since等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ALH2rXBhCbfLxyRJ2q9oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study s go to the best school.因为我想上最好的学校，所以我才这么努力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZZudbpp1b7AOJtX4HLDrvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有：in order that，so that，in case等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNtRaJ4Vv5uKKBM85ZS8Hid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是为了能上最好的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ2XyPb2NfO9wmu1WwtTgVq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有：so that，so...that，such..that等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz0RL2HuHfBmXZpbd29YVFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我学习那么努力，所以我上了最好的学校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzFkfvrRcyWRslP4YNaR2wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹词（int.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniNo5Lt2yplNLe2agTxtUyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语感叹词有：indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下图是我整理的一个总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDvFxM9TJTIietGQn6RItMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":603,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹词（int.）","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83ae9a1d84284fc687acae7ca3b68c7d","width":914},"text":"","id":"doxcn2mfJ14h5MQ1872rJaYD7ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOir01JItbm8zkBMQIFrMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们熟悉了解音标和单词之后我们就可以为自己制定学习计划了。以下是我总结出的学习计划，方法不一定适应每个人，但是希望会对大家有一个帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6SyAUawTd0bOXmIEyq7Th"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.我们可以将5500个常见词汇分为30-50个Unit，每天背诵一个Unit（100-200个单词），一个月就可以完成一轮背诵，然后第二、三个月进行第二轮、三轮巩固复习。当然，每天早上背完一个新的Unit之后，我们需要在第30分钟、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、对每个单元进行及时重复复习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXZrxfyR3uLIJucYleZmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.【具体方法】：早上：拿一张白纸挡住中文意思，只看英文单词开始背诵，勾出不认识的单词。背完一个Unit之后，立刻把勾出的单词再背一遍（依旧遮住中文意思），","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果还是有某个单词不认识","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，就再打勾背诵；30分钟后：把勾出来的单词重新自测一遍；晚上：睡前把打了2次及以上勾的单词重新自测一遍。以此类推，反复记忆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6zJRsNTiqwrslqkdVHGgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.【注意要点】：一定要严格按照表格重复，不要偷懒！不要偷懒！不要偷懒！如果偷懒一次，漏下一两个单元，今天耽误了，那明天想补救就会很难。比如，你3月20号背诵了Unit 12，你不仅要在30分钟后和晚上睡觉之前复习两遍Unit 10，你还需要在背完Unit 12后同步复习之前背过的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBOKtBWoGR6lvFb2PoVOtkG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":623,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/932ea040dbdd4751ac4bc6f9ae5ab66b","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnOFskaqaB9SjBk45NQep5oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者在这边也分享一下自己学习单词的视频链接：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，该视频里可以帮大家有效的学习到单词的读音，同时在视频中也教给大家如何利用学到的音标来进行拼读单词。如果有兴趣学习的小伙伴们可以跟着视频进行单词的学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTCkkzyQZTOBUXECbvYv2Wf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"APP推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK09UosVIi2YiwQHFV86yCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"百词斩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjHXslIAexQp0yTProWlEBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全民用的最多最火的背单词神器，下载量高达3亿，评分超级高。关键是适合不同年龄层次的人，可根据自己的身份选择不同的单词文本，有小学、初中、高中、大学、四六级、专业六级、八级，适合零基础的成年人从头开始学习。还有不同的背单词场景，根据不同的图片背诵单词，记忆效果很好，对零基础的成年人很友好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CtsMkPF3eTYq1eeCCgiUe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":472,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"百词斩","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fbfef7748a924c678b23b91155cd175d","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnerUpvZmVMFL415XQ3QSH6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"沪江开心词场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfmEVymN9J6brAtEO8nWtrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"趣味性极强的背单词神器，成功解决了背单词枯燥无味的问题。这个APP最大的特点就是，在闯关的过程中，顺便把单词背诵了，轻松有趣，很适合成年人在上下班地铁上背诵。闯关的过程，也是检验你是否掌握单词的过程，不记住，闯不了关，让你干着急，激发你的闯关欲望。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYBcUZCaoSITDt6e3u8sKzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":413,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"沪江开心词场","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2144d956c812406e9adfa86e4cadc5e1","width":619},"text":"","id":"doxcnEIIrzeOWtYG6s4bZMYXaWv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扇贝单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrBHwj7AdcE2gFJvFpXxaGi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不仅可以背单词，还可以做笔记。和其他APP不一样，这个软件背诵单词的速度飞快，不过还会有第二轮的检验，反复巩固，加强背诵效果。背诵之前，还会问你认不认识这个单词，如果不认识，出现的频率会更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlePYP6B3qvZFrr1gHL6yKN"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":525,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"扇贝单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69721704242f4e83a45f841440324b26","width":785},"text":"","id":"doxcnpaLd0wRL7VZ23gphHs0wph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCxFyqXKxXgSk6M6CkwLYEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们认识了单词之后，就可以来了解每个单词组成句子的语法问题。其实任何一门学科都是由浅入深的，英语也不例外。学习语法就像造房子，首先要把基础的语法脉络理清，打好根基，之后再慢慢补充和拓展，让知识巩固起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPOeGocuMzPCdkNQBdmHxjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语语法最基础的就是简单句的组成，之后我们才会慢慢了解到并列句、复合句以及从句，以下是我总结出的语法内容，我们一起来看看吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27kKkfooGNBXIP4Zxx3Z8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaJy8VEpjdj6hlFLRREf2Dg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有的句子都是通过简单句而组合的，只不过句子的结构拓宽了一点， 词汇丰富了一点，从而演变为其他的长句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG1g4SMQNGSLQaJhbNS2u4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.主谓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSsdyyIbBacwGufN9q1Ljy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓就是主语 + 谓语的组合，比如：Spring comes 。这句话中主语是spring ，谓语是 comes 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVkN3z1OEZX66FHA74jLG2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语就是引领句子的开头部分，是一个句子的主体，英文是 subject ，我们用字母 S 代替。谓语可以理解为动词，英文是 verb，我们用字母 v 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvO6pufvGXZAnG9B5mCS8ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.主谓宾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYsoQlFh2Vg4paDNGw6bcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据字面的意思就是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语组合而成的句子，比如 ： I love you .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbtx9eCItlnoOZQkq3k1Fhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这句话中主语是 i ，谓语是 love ，宾语就是在谓语后面的词，这里是 you。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkROuofxsCDFtOur8IpHyDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语的英文是 object，这里用字母 o 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniN76YN2qs3OiVRGSv0p6vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.主谓宾宾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThUEgQqMU70kOj1b4CSQYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLPqIHpvrh27HH092gOT4oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的两个宾语都是谓语动词所产生作用的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTeMZtDsE6ttx0Xrrd5vKaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 ：I give you money .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2pcOY1lf9ggGINF9T1O4Jl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的宾语，give you 和 give money ，所以都是两个宾语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAdsX6Hwd12M5h5tvdR7Xec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.主谓宾宾补","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrTqqGQ2wNHk6kvbuvuXYze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾补的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvVbyOMLWBe5OLURd0FZCkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 ：It makes me happy .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpuev3tXTY45i7tAMXH8mgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的 me 是 make 的宾语，但是 happy 不是 make 的宾语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj1jiujWYbkApSgX8njYdne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"happy 是 me 的形容词，是一个宾补，全称为宾语补足语，起到了补充说明的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOtZhb7oXorBivpETAwnHZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意 ：区分主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaXCewUaMSIFiUFYjKxYmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾宾中的两个宾语都是谓语所产生的作用词，而主谓宾宾补中宾补是宾语的形容词，与谓语没有任何关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmzqMJ5W3shDYYdTBCzT9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.主系表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9Os59ogFDKLfyxMiGdkhQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的系代表系动词。包含三个类别","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntkh1Czp5EzORdX1aL4b58g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A be 动词 ： am is are was were","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjzv2rQWkZcH2gtgJiRAlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B 感官动词 （五官）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGzjUgHpHLyfq1Y8Whafjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"look 看起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRQ6Kn3egjiLYtvBYfllzoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sound 听起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAp44KkbWgO0whufxhMPhZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"smell 闻起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQNBIRWNxwkBYHmzhHUIbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"taste 尝起来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSpGrlCfNd7fu5MjVZnGDwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"feel 摸着....感觉......","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSnsqUOkpiOZRvKB717V6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C 变化动词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDnZOPCHrsiUvjgYYDQz36b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"become / turn / go / get / grow","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcK22Lfg7dOiKvh6iVIR4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的表是代表表语，包括名词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式todo","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0Qsi6sVQ1lQdVpdB4W43d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 you are beautiful 这句话中，you 是主语，are 是系动词，beautiful 是表语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlu1gGIOyBcyiYk7G6zBcGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6K5WyFO9t3xyXzGmJumjCX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句通过不同的连接词就成为了不同的句子，通过并列词成了并列句，通过从属连词成了复合句。下面我们就一一讲解 ：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8bhZbi9IlyJd7r551DbNtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句：简单句+并列词+简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJjw6p4uviFj384dseJb2Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列词一般有：and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0xGsWUZkMHCckTkzzaOyxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.表示并列：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27j7rX5678xpGTJ0XuhVHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7kLDR0jeB84Ofv04m7F8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxwbAhygM7A7FhOcX5wo6Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.表示选择：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6vbMtVlXLoc4s4eIC4Woew"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"or，or else，otherwise，either...or...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntPQounOFqkqGWKjY3fEsrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hurry or you won't make the train.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4zMWhhDgyStp6fn5cfqCpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.表示对比、转折：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7ovsvA1tEQCm4N4RYJQcAC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"but，whileyet，however，never，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCATnSoOHXbbwBTVBJAlE0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like tea while she likes coffee.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX43vgUOKbiPPtlXexw5Owe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.表示原因：for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyRCBm4cLabeGoN6z2KpT7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am thirsty , for it is hot .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmnvydZUKe0g0rCgnLRIxnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复合句：简单句+从属连词+简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZBqbcKAkuwKo4V3rdXDk1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从属连词有：that /wether/if。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFHd9a34MVmPvDKAMqvSFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"从句语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJZqqCmGi3IQMLrakiBPIHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词性从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLDUabdoQXotYo468TrAglf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当名词性从句作为句子的不同成分时，又被称呼为不同的名字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZm4Fot0gwpFTFEQXAQNNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当作为主语时，称为主语从句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRqtpDhC0iURGHaJkYhaIqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当称为宾语时，称为宾语从句，同样表语从句以及同位语从句。以下我们来举个栗子 ：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8rE1CL4XhBkcFSAn56SOnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语从句 What she said is wrong .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu09Y7LyO4xluUx9FRZo86W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语从句 I said that she was wrong.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3CnOkb1yIB3pvDNkpA8v1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表语从句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzc6fLFEeQjjreChZzbVCbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语从句 The news that he will come back is ture.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkCHCX4gJvts46v5fbPDbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住一点，不管什么从句，你把它当成一个”长一点的名词”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx6EcNa7gJXReAqxIDkUpth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那如果这个长名词在句子中作主语，就是主语从句，作宾语就是宾语从句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoHRJCXnkKJ6KoWRA6963S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语从句就是相当于一个长点的名词对另外一个抽象名词进行解释说明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZGgiKPR3Hd49uDpmQAT2qi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlLd9Lf8BZFw89envDMpwNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修饰限定名词，汉语中“的”前面的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk11n8EwFH0hxVcCfIoEhef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关系代词引导的定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGb18qxj1ZSpaHaTraL2Xfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.who指人，在从句中做主语 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19AF8EqfjswU1uQ8fYqjpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2isjftuM4vRySpCopRsxEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISuz5ChabNzCWx7W1RWh7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUxL7PkeYA5GpLALH2bQ5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFzUyHQf7gLI6JaNt6092lO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzr9vw3cdap0CSf5tPTXIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoY8cakONmsdHcBCWAjZZRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"指的是谁的。Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlnHzXxRxNy1P6xsKAyt8Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关系副词引导的定语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTyuo7WXgIOPuSRs5t31kNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"when where why","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOMggk4tuYr2Spl8l4HNsf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetlithDV41CEd5qrnBOnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修饰动作的发生的时间、地点、原因、方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna99jgP4VRqKUDFCh1c0Vqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.时间状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK557GoXuRB0DepI9eUEKVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY9A3WRHvEoZyRH4mgBxWBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO9mpSScZPXVqMdMxTV5cig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was fat when I was a child.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUvKv5TzXCc7qPGjfkmXre6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.地点状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhrRk2C9ELJZJVRBRFS217b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：where","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDPoCjDYcuHEdKpc5uTxNTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyse40io4DSVHmpndgooDRk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Keep it where you can see it.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBE3v8P8OvbFztN2CEJHyPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.原因状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgw4c1MB3hciTwGsIHjD1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：because, since, as, for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpEIyogb586tuihCV0oW2jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGxscoAEJ5Hdr7z3X43MDxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnTL2ta9nONJbiLE9UwMlwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.目的状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSC7TsYeNceQ8DSYpw8Hy1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：so that, in order that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDJovz1SBH3hMLfu5A1gbX5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugOpDvFF16uZHkeI3takyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"study hard so that you can pass the exam.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7o1MZIjrqwbKzgKqWMeMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.结果状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JgIgQ5oAdYmVRBnISWiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncA6YkRxHow0L2KdBaFJeie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl56POCYiYeSN1q2fAHcBHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He got up so early that he caught the first bus.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFD9lnwoLuipHftNbM8tYjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.条件状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNDWXvBCRyhkXuXxvbeG0hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：if, unless,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkzKtd2JK04n2D60buHq7lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnutMRwJ7rM6y457Wge0i2cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"If you ask him, he will help you.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngjxiUiCjgdn5evgZ8yW83c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7.方式状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7IZWCwsvJeUciduGkyKwQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：as, as if, how","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUbZEvewwKGKsbxCq3G0PMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：the way","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsILfEq5J7eJEWbkDTYFoAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Think as i think","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqMqw1ImirgHb4SEhVuDbre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8.比较状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfFrkpc1lo30QWxGEV4g4lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRZZkeyqPct5gPPL7Sdpd0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpqloCbQ0lWphQhi7W3WGUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The house is three times as big as ours.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP43ykkHwBZZf28Z4XjsPxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9.让步状语从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXexLVWzZYULCNnnhpaC0lE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGeI6QqkEmcEB87bc7QDZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndam24WmxWEl6DGz8itqsJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Though I believe it，yet I must consider.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcBctl7G18X76WRBw0X8zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2ALi5xvrnpCECATJSYi8Aa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时态的本质是：时+态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0RzBG8YNjomvF4EJnMoEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以学习时态，一定要把时和态分开来看待。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwbsFqf514uQDXAiB5xr4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am a teacher.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjOHxFwdf9610xLo0S60HCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这句话，时间是“现在时”，状态是“一般态”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6yMyrRRViyI6FfWaktCU4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语里有4种时间：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0dp910IoQD9QmFJOdiTTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"过去，现在，将来，过去将来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntjdIrt1MCv88xMT18trxIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语里有4种状态：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p5k90Evt9vdcUYpzv3bDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般态：非完成，非进行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnyPmiDBiluGbbx0fQvIp4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行态：动作的延续","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniK7Iyckr6AJ5NBxfqhXN2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成态：在截止时间时，完成了的事情","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Oo93t06MB5iqyom10fpdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成进行态(几乎不用)：过去是，到截止时间是，将来还是的事情(强调截止时间)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyJHMdd3b1btfA2I4bBvfXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图，两个是我整理的笔记内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJUPWwnm2bwJkrv0Z3F3nab"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":424,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2dc0dab104834b4bb1f7d53a2f7a46c1","width":655},"text":"","id":"doxcnacTHReq9vY7EdPLRySxNuR"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时态、语态问题","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c756989bbd1044669a5be67dcca136ab","width":732},"text":"","id":"doxcnjvcu0bJIHneLs2da29o5sf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.从阅读时理解语法，再用语法书夯实理解而成的专业知识。举一个典型的例子。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"冠词the看似简单","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，实际上用法难懂变化多端。一本详细的语法书通常会记录数十条应用the的规则，及其不计其数的不可抗力事件，并且除外中依然存在除外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn13CYDTYmGFMYhO4Z0G0K6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.学精语法，英语语感比规则关键。培养阅读英文的好习惯。仍以the为例。每一次读书的时候难免会遇到the字数十次，而每次都是看到不同情况，不同类型的句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO7utA8kzs7fho4Rnuqhshx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.读书时碰到疑惑，前去阅览语法书。这时候，语法书里的复杂规则就恰好派上用场了。由于你明白自己要请，都知道这种语法规则用于具体的语句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuAo8ooj0JDnIeeXJC9rqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d20390155029456ba85d3be1b02f7dcb","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnIxTn5tMBhHbk6etfGhoFQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWRAe34frk1DPhorGHasOYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下几个图片是我在网上进行搜索归纳的总结性笔记，一列为一种总结内容，图一至图四为整体内容，图二衔接图一结尾，图三衔接图二结尾，图四衔接图三结尾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHM7jS22SIvOiOR7gesRIJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYGhPQ8DSRSQ7k8bVkAmbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1156,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9695cee9acd141eeb4f9542e91566552","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnhOznOxYYndRfHlBebxV8If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzrImd5S33fFzYkuLMB1Thc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1106,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b4e7741267af4905a893bab3415491a3","width":1625},"text":"","id":"doxcnBVLTykjbKK4Ic2SInpWwvq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图三","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjChnYpwrYqwW8VTRNwVhys"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1138,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e2e930112d64db68cb988a6985bfe6f","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnZ4IPuwd5kjKsPoKgyWNVqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图四","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAzKKhpUpFSmKdoFngg9uj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":909,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/beb01fb9ec8049cd924ed826b6db69d5","width":1624},"text":"","id":"doxcnC8K6ks6ssQhrZE1BIokaSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"给大家讲了这么多书面上的语法问题，作者在这里给学习英语的小伙伴们介绍一下我在学习英语时候借鉴的视频。视频中老师充分讲解了初步学习英语适用的语法问题，在讲解的同时还为大家用例句进行了说明。视频链接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMgGOx32f12plxMYnR8Sdn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttxR0Tfpm1yJbn7S4UNEPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《英语魔法师之语法俱乐部》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVgJWo7kmf56Z05lOQ9Y1gb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容非常简单，可以帮助语法薄弱的学习者慢慢理解语法。它分为三个部分：初级句型、中级句型和高级句型。初级句型共讲解了五种基本句型；中级句型有四种，即形容词从句、名词从句、状语从句和倒装句。另外这本书的冠词、不定式和动名词的语法相比其他语法书的讲解更透彻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIgcKtZmYbC4WxA1uvXhTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a455616550e34d90afd72c7fb6375029","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnHlZtGWMWCnWcSJaS7G4qkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《English Grammar in Use》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTFM7ROjBTxghbsJPkGrCbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书的语法范例，主要是以情景为例，将抽象的语法概念更具体化、也易于理解。书中材料均来自英语母语国家，表达地道，让学习者可以学以致用，让学习的效率更好。全书图文并茂，内容生动，对语法知识点进行分类对比，可以让学习者快速梳理思路，学习起来事半功倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZIILWbHHkQuGmi4aBZ9Ufe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":526,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b2c42c5de9ce4434ae8f984e64a7088a","width":789},"text":"","id":"doxcnT1MSFjFggedQUbMWRQ1dDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《柯林斯英语语法》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGu8LJqVqDUPil6fnZxXxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《柯林斯英语语法》的体例和所有的英语语法书都不一样，不是按照句型排列的，而是按照表达法和表达功能排列的，而内容也侧重于灵活实用的功能语法讲解，强调语法和词汇的结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzaz1Rtt5HB4TM8DwO808je"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":686,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30982e4142d548c4968007b96f2e4ace","width":1027},"text":"","id":"doxcnqES1yHBd0cMdKAa5i1hBWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn0nGWZYIAYYa18gNM31Wff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过了单词和语法的认识，持之以恒记忆对话、课文中的佳句是丰富我们语言，积累句式的好方法。而能对熟悉的句子进行变通也是学习英语的重要技巧之一。现在虽然考试不考句型转换，但是句型转换可以加深我们的记忆和知识的拓展。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（想详细了解英语造句内容的可以在该视频链接中跟着老师一块学习和认识英语基础","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXMDWrzox2UdAqyFCO3eNgd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM73tNQ9AXsi2zaT4N8OvAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种，其中，主语和谓语是主要成分有，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分是次要成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkhxsoXgRJo4rro7rLtpDjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、主语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY5BM1z3Yjy6Ujzvc0hYCnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0s7KZQb6YMEZ1DaX3uaWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The sun rises in the east. (名词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6JIEUIEvJh9eyVh8mR8ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He likes dancing. (代词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLoN8qoA6jOuwdEIgwexjmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、谓语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIHCil4IIPTW55ckct5QDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrQS8YKWUYuTCNnIjiobeMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"We often speak English in class.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3HaNT5GpxU81Uv8iAVBKgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cRy3khvk0MCLzFM23VXXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3VHOgsEAtOXmk2KX4Fwcbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢？看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzCGQVlui4dthWYjWX9XYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFvgKUJPmOIylvs138Utvyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWGjGM3HER20HF4mawNmyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、定语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugXIexeJ5aLiGIrYBJFAhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYOixbx0BYHx66pGNn0sjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYdvIN7Khzk0f3rVjkgcJEH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaaWG7VikQJdMEg4IN4djd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、状语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXLZriQiPslgZmDPhT8Zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnev42QgmX28dduOgV46GdKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Light travels most quickly. (副词及副词性词组)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRCImB7FIwJ26I2qfFmHbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has lived in the city for ten years. (介词短语)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbijUYPOyzMS4BDHufAQAph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、补语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpZly8E7GCl1mKApuWPZjyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZdDpX7V2RszuRXLVpS6e2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"His father named him Dongming. (名词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRjdSvxsVQUbvsb8jzZdWfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They painted their boat white. (形容词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKEQQuQc9YccxX5a5itOjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"七、表语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnANZ6TfZoCI37m2KoXON5yh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHnDxNnj08Ff7UpCLb29og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYVDBK7YbzuMDpjzRRmeug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"八、同位语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl039rxzRXbLkHRViJ6Lieh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。同位语和补语的区别在于：补语不能缺少，同位语可以缺少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gmNyprrTgWRQHv5N04obc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"九、独立成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQXXdZhlyzzPKr1t1GtP1Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"独立成分，是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面，与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时，它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWr4o2ODMQotKBHk6wbq2d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyq0bIM74F6EZYYWy6hh9Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。陈述句的核心是非常基础的。这个句子里有一个名词和一个动词。句子可以有其他成分，如形容词、副词和其他词。但是最简单的形式就是名词和动词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVp3pyjHZ1o89YsMOU2Rl1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陈述句的基本句型：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYXr3LzD0cFkj0FEkjmCkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)主语+连系动词+表语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX0gKKGtyQCL6opKZMCXr8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfH6bkRz1iIZ2t9vIiRRksc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlczsezkRhMsHzPd8Aoxw5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO3dv72R3uS9wNNc4wWTfRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)主语+谓语(及物动词) V.+宾语+宾语补足语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt33KmVGc4GesAK1fzdyPoc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"肯定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlfQ75ODhofVvrUVDmON8Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river flooded.河水泛滥了。(主谓 )","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnofCMsXnZ6ev4xSdNSFKB7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主谓滨)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1JQPc3MfxW8gdDfMKB9o2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can teach you English.他可以教你英语。(主谓+双宾)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW7HEZOK2x8ZiecRJsc57Ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He painted the desk blue.他把书桌涂成了色。(主谓滨宾补)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmNsaB5AOmqF0MeT3Gt1g4p"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is a doctor.他是一名医生。(主系表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneriwUiAI3OWrkNNs7Vko2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"否定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBaGQt354sbBKzsNPqz8QPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river did not/didn't flood. 河水没有泛滥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkNL2yZvzT6tSMhAPi5e2W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他没有幽默感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhjiSTi0GZyouew9DMRbqdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrYqJGDjdXDMokXmGMWV2Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He didn't paint the desk blue.他没有把书桌涂成蓝色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLAdCk3F0udFVjhRORcgOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名医生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYFKGig5anbAJhpwdGUMTLg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD0TdW6iWNi2rgvbWNuzH7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz3fWdWu6dYRJAs9BxHfadk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常用来询问一件事情或一种情况是否属实，其回答通常是yes或no，因此这类问句又叫做“是非问句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoMTLxBXUg63m3YB4BAH6Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Is there something wrong with this machine?这台机器有问题吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCf98jmmG9fLEdUvfZVlah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了吗? ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACDsS2X0n9rKX8aXhpTLhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go on?我们继续向前吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbqUsTz9bHHcli9fZLe0hCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Will he not agree with you?他不同意你吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmtQG7lHPJZoHr9K75hJLdD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Haven't you any sisters?你没有姐妹吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN2idvuqJtvtl2N96wP6y0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't you like this movie?你不喜欢这部电影吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSf5mWamlbnO53a40lF6cff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDxYuR4fYrM7rJvKsRvjjgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑问句是对句中的某一部分提出疑问，通常以who、where、when、why等疑问词开头，因此又叫“wh-问句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFPlTuXGpUYJ7nfxRLkZGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Who are you?你是谁?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6lEONTnSd6DbEMe3y6m3WE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和谁打乒乓球?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncRRlEvQuNPcIfJ4b9KTgtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whose glasses are broken?谁的眼镜打碎了?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI5whj7J8WXAjeV78zhsEQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which shoes do you like?你喜欢哪双鞋子?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnpmOZr3KXytK5usOnhuMEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What do they want to do?他们想要做什么?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvU1DTLJ2kVkIvLFK3XHXbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"When does she want to practice?她想要什么时候练习?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrZc7rs7NKiryQIvDUgKrmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Where is the restroom?洗手间在哪里?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttbEBfqQfomY4G0xYgEINf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Why did you leave?你为什么离开了 ?|","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mYEg4oMjgBf2EE0Zw21Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"How do you study English?你怎么学习英语?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhoVGbbUloIx3LKFX4PVNTg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlpZWiDpowGm0csSHzFxQZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择疑问句是对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问方式。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn967odvYj0RR5keeNO5U9de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go by bus or by train?我们乘汽车还是乘秋车?，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr5r1RLK5BR9dYpFudVzS5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我帮你,还是你自己解决?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0B5kOAnR8vaHJVjqa5pWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一样, 咖啡还是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGpSTLACZXguAekYDOYoWAj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Coffee or tea?咖啡还是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Mjip9XpYZGdBhatcrF3ue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰，你最喜欢哪样?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIGlJ6JDtSLXz10dPpfwdtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"反义疑问句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0kRglqChzA8pZK9AstF7fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"反意疑问句又称为附加疑问句，英语称为tag question，是一种常用于口语的疑问句式，主要由“陈述句(或祈使句) + 疑问句”构成。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE3PtziIk0a9RZB63oo5hcv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈述句有 be 动词时，以该be动词形成反问；陈述句有助动词（will、shall、can、have...）时，以该助动词形成反问；陈述句只有动词时，按主语人称及该动词时态，置 do、does、did 形成反问。下面是句型。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRCl1Pd9EzwAyzCzQYOZvXa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Study hard, will you?要用功，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnufZ5wiE0UF5m3sJqsJamQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't do it, will you?不要做这件事，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZXfFQ996Cadw2LlEQLAGUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let me go, will you?让我走，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2RXcPwowdoD5HdwSbgLLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let's stop here, shall we?我们在这里停下，好吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02QQ6JNcnL73C1lpiadyF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在这个咖啡厅有无线网络，对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvdI6BMTcZj0Fao6JnlqZkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢，对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzNxN0fYWeCjWho80EOwhpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅长数学,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIUoXgdL9z4qpX3vwkpswd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"John is going to study English, isn't he? John会学习英文,对吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSJtc2x7GlFKrBHLCpT6I7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUlMxrzw1ADWZOX2RwRsTqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句是英语中的一个句式，也是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8yexivfY5nXi70BEvxOObb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":553,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c03a42953f0478a8235a64272e9d131","width":915},"text":"","id":"doxcnHeINouDJUcRgghMw6TWLvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpwIVxv1aU51hkxjvqT2syg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句是英语四大功能句型之一，主要用来表示高兴、愤怒、厌恶或者欣赏等强烈感情的句子，句末通常用感叹号！结尾，说话时用降调。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowqJgF7c9vAXFKGWl4alfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感叹句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c45f9ca9b5db492c816bf334a39817ce","width":1079},"text":"","id":"doxcnxzaNej89cvkmYGGT1yNeMz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8hpxbXoQZw8QBNE5bKPCXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由一个主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）构成。只有一套主谓结构。主语可理解为“谁？”，谓语视为“做什么？”“是什么？”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22RGQBMXTyQY141ic8wQLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句五种基本句型：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnseRcAD6RspymnAePU59pgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主系表 SVP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpUiYrLpMY9vOTF0BaQX2P4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓SV","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngnNsOmd7jHEFxkQAC8PwGW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾SVO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjPv65QbjbcC7O7TafsNehg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓双宾SVOO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6CbV42IgCVBYh3hWCdo2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主谓宾宾补SVOC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXGOWIRYZCqnbTGiRHVjdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVfhjECy4SPLEoEmmovQ7ad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简单句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/209ed9c279194d449c04709817ce01ad","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnWtKiWieERz8SIrKGYo0kof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvK1dZSJ9beTgUSAZ764Fif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列而成，有两套或两套以上的主谓结构。并列句的基本句型：“分句+并列连词/特殊符号+分句”。并列连词：and(和，而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因为) so (所以)。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnevPcYXZIbS14HlLwjdzi4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":555,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/509a2fb7d8314abc82c8e092d40111e8","width":890},"text":"","id":"doxcniKNFBENGpNchVaL0zXqWzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊句式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJqFcNuCUWaiEYYcscGJAyn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnthBrV1bxnITixNJEHXVfPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"英语","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中是用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义，而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以从结构，句型来分析，可以有多种时态形式。相关的语法重点有：存在句的谓语动词，存在句非限定形式，存在句主谓一致等。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw8u6iz34h3LpTMSN7jupDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73afbf7743cf404ba512639eae92f403","width":684},"text":"","id":"doxcnGPMzTRHTrd4vGWFfGTSUGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrte54LEyfxQTHQm5RvlrSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在英语中，名词可以省略，动词可以省略，动词当中不但系动词这样的可以省略，连实意动词也是可以省略的，只要它已经出现过了。会使用省略句是英语水平走向高阶的一个标志，在使用省略句的时候，不要担心对方看不懂或者听不懂。只要你用的正确，不存在别人不能理解。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMcL8HKVuxNaXyPpt28Efe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7db2fd9c00fd480eb7e4326e50c9f033","width":671},"text":"","id":"doxcnSZ6iUEtW58RMKnedHkF4ig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"倒装句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxlJiYoDl36mUGAHR6HQM1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"语序","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"句式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。英语倒装句的7种形式，希望能帮助你理解英语句子。下图是归纳的总结性笔记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuySu7eg6Dix9u0iXEgQx0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"倒装句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0fc7aa9c8734ea6b4ee294e99c3dc7a","width":719},"text":"","id":"doxcnvyO2dKHfKIEnF60fdAK4Se"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvQk7sQmCrcRMdHiqlMykXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句型是一种特殊句式，用于表示说话者强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是通过某种手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更重要。强调句型的结构如图所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0i33Lp9pAuWCC4Sz5ZD9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":740,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"强调句","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b91cf42bfeac4f219b734bce59b8836c","width":1153},"text":"","id":"doxcncxZueckJE2V9unMRc11e6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7THJYFgeUAP738ZX2HMeCR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第一步】：看大标题，图片，小标题，看完之后大概猜测文章是关于什么的，目的在于对文章有个模糊的印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKhRjn3qXjfJVQjrN5quWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第二步】：重点略读，主要读每段第一句和最后一句，大概了解每个段的内容，目的在于对文章结构有个整体把握，比如典型的结构——介绍问题、给出原因、提出解决方法、说明潜在风险、对未来进行判断。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O2dw1bWolFjkW38mCgPz9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第三步】：全文略读，读的时候让尽可能多的信息进入眼眶，略读次要信息，抓重点信息(核心观点、重要前提、重要假设)，并对重点信息进行精读，同时对觉得不错的内容再进行标记。目的在于掌握重点信息，方面以后复查或者积累写作素材。(这时候不懂的单词可以圈起来，只要不影响文章大意理解就不查，等到最后一步再查)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniHEGSXYT2nxppKRBWZ45Jf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第四步】：不断来回查找信息，对比是否存在疏漏，目的在于梳理文章结构，掌握文章整体脉络。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDhhkkvtV8rRvNC7bsza23b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第五步】：带着结构重新略读阅读信息，精读标记信息，看是否理解清楚，是否需要进一步的查询工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDwn7yFvE5euPKdiyVuR5Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习计划制定好后，作者这边推荐小伙伴们可以在b站上跟着这位老师学习学习，他的视频内容充分的为大家解决了句型问题，同时还利用造句的方式帮助小伙伴们可以更加深刻的了解英语句子的组成部分，视频链接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX1Lyz1eF3mUpTa7q8yvaih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnclB8F8RfjWQS1ZGaTmk5ff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《读者文摘》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoJdmQYzbm4zf4ejQOqXtFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读者文摘在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"创刊","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，这是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。适用人群是英语初、中级水平学习者及考研党","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqhJKJCHzbYd2LwLLxaw1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，由于内容具有思考价值、探讨性和实用性，中国英语考试中有不少题目和材料来源于这本杂志。非常适合考试党提高英语能力和语感，是夯实英语基础的大众型读物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJblhctnFwrFB9szmOPAYoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买方式：直接联系中图订购纸本，这种刊物在国内订阅是完全许可的。都是英文原版，按期引进。读者文摘是那种小册子，时代是标准的杂志。现在国家对外籍刊物进口管理比较严格，自己从网上订电子版往往会被屏蔽掉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAg6lna6AEISLMHnMWaPlwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":700,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed45d9432f6d48038eaf53b1b50fd0b0","width":1050},"text":"","id":"doxcn7BHlMZEgR0Bfxl0wKN106c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"经济学人","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5qVgfWzE8N3RdjJLxGYUKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志，创办于1843年9月，创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智，幽默，有力度，严肃又不失诙谐，并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名，是社会精英必不可少的读物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzM2fPOheGGYJCa8pAJv8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"里面的文章十分经典，经常出现在考研的阅读理解里面，可见里面的用词、用句的高水平。还有很重要的一点，就是《经济学人》里面还会涉及大量的词汇、固定搭配以及长难句，不仅仅是提升阅读水平，对于词汇积累、语法提升等都大有好处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeyyDDxNWtjPCOgp5h8LXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就里面所有的板块和内容而言，个人最喜欢其中的 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"obituary","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 和 special report 部分，前者会写很多有趣的人，很有意思。后者则涉及政治、经济、社会、科技领域的时新专题报道，属于涨知识的必备栏目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU2lGZISzbtOQJ0hgF9ht9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读方式：一些免费提供离线资源的网站，这块要用谷歌搜，或者用必应国际版，但很多更新更新着就不更新了，免费的可以搜一个关键词：西贝博客。还有国内一些网站提供付费的离线资源，这块是一种选择，只要会用指令搜索，就可以搜索进行查看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBDBhwGuTF6Y9q0K8UZgFWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有就是通过发邮件到经济学人官方，咨询他们有哪些授权渠道商，再通过这些渠道商去订阅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneDYgFa6dIluIcKzeAknWhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":663,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读外文文章","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6c09a1dd0b64fc58b21d0d3a96ef076","width":973},"text":"","id":"doxcn8jxBuGxQxPmQXTyuRKzfde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语中期学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZt8uMGUPRo8V8im591dVif"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"听力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0epC41eglSTzsosGbIavh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在锻炼听力的时候一定不要听那些东拼西凑的英语磁带，而是选择一个听力材料就彻底把它拿下。材料里的每一个单词、每一个短语都要听清楚。为了达到这一点，你必须听写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9XUbwIIzg8oDX83HZyXKxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"听力","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa24511943ad423e9bed1e34a320dde5","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcnKv48CpMJjLajyYXc0pouae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzMd0ooJutFMUz0OZqeCwqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步是先纠正自己的音标，这是最基础的，我们之所以听不懂是因为我们发音不标准，我们也听不出来英语发音。所以首先必须纠正好自己的音标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEdM2LsfAKWR6HNHVmhg2gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步是要扩大自己的单词量，好多人不注意这一点，认为听力的单词量有限，但是一定要把自己的单词量扩大到一定的范围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhNSI81bh6GMHiZw0Uvx2xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步是训练听力，首先训练单个单词，先听单个单词，然后在逐渐的听句子，这是很主要的，要循序渐进。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3yasqt8PVyvdfJ1Hj4oFpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步是在听听力的时候，一定要在自己听不懂的地方多听几遍，并把相关的单词和句子抄下来，经常去阅读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnreD2PtoRVzFOjkk7tAasUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步是每天坚持听听力至少2个小时，这是非常关键的一步，不要怕辛苦，坚持下来就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPkUHlTFddlEBYsC3MgrCIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六步是可以坚持看美剧或者坚持听外国的音乐和相关的歌曲，对自己的听力都有很大的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx3R4068GWCDbQifRgcWJPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"听力的基础练习可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"发音词典","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（这是用户）进行用于听力练习，这个老师的视频中开头部分就为大家制定好了听力规则，在观看视频的时候也可以充分的锻炼自己的英语听力。视频的链接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8FVl4pJ2vSGrePfW1MGvce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习小技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkN1wpXb0j2dCuwdq84efWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、学会抓关键词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EqyWTvUywCro4XBoYxNwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在听力过程中，我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间，快速浏览选项，对比其不同之处，在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份，帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnydSflSO3XiLXE3DbacpQmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、学会划分意群","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5TJgyVHqlUnLeWhL7TiXve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听，想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的，也是很难做到的。因此，我们要学会划分意群来听，分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间，并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7h0dyChjbb7sCui3hA6GOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学会提前思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQspMHU3xk0sDWGGXNVlPmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在听力开始之前，你就要浏览完材料，结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么，目的又是什么。并学会猜测，包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置，所以，听听力要积极主动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3ClKnJ9e1gQZcjtwET6MBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、学会做笔记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUE0RmQjdnQTdu1LPmsSOee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰，让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神，记住相关信息，因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的，因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMXGUhlbc57SMPMlRspWP9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学会注意数字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZTIPpQBWtOnyymvmy64sgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意以下几方面：常规数字的连读，百分数，分数，小数，百分比，电话号码，航班号，驾照号，信用卡号等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrsFTyiPi7cEpejGRDc0bPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"text":"","id":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Talks练习英文听力，听不懂时，还可阅读演讲稿理解影片内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUta5inyr6K3SDQvaSC2G2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":799,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2002cfa50c14029b7f00abac5e79b4e","width":1201},"text":"","id":"doxcnWUlwAtqF05xze1WKEyJ69d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"English Online France","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LpG4czz6oM0cDt2Gd0mJO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"English Online France是一个非常有趣的在线英文听力训练网站，依照初级、中级和高级区分的英文听力训练教材共超过一百个项目，包括听写练习与测验的MP3语音教材以及听力练习与测验的影片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2NkXL6X0kZcPo7uVMWNfLI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐学习网站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9cef53fb83ee456f855abafe1b682163","width":971},"text":"","id":"doxcn4ptkZ85t8TasnhUru8hQVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3YjJRnkXUEZbKQQhh7jk0O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"语言不是教会的，而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望，应力争语言训练的各种机会。应该不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索，也可以","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"结合下文讲解，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在该连接中","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"看视频配合学习","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrcC1IGOuALt9pw7qUyz2Fv"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3fef193ad9d34d5c99e0c1d5e166215f","width":896},"text":"","id":"doxcn6mVn3Q0JYzoycJgoXxBh0c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnua575Ls8kF2CYx7wDtH5Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一定要用完整句子对话","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80chwA8vggV1g74yIymvyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"面对任何问题，都不能只回答表面内容，一定要在此基础上展开回答。如果别人问你一个问题，你只回答 Yes 或者 No，那如何提高口语呢？即使遇到了一个你根本不了解或者不会的问题，也千万不要用：“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”来回应。比如别人问了一个最基础的问题，“Where are you from?” 你千万不能只说：“I come from Beijing.”正确的做法是：先说明你来自北京，然后介绍一下北京的风土人情、家乡美食等等，最后再和对方互动一下，问你去过北京吗？或者你觉得北京这座城市怎么样呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Am29JWp2EnJRUJbgM0cAs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.多使用一些复杂句和从句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEHGw7CDtKePv09IVO9GJub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在平时练习过程中，要将简单句和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"复杂句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"交错使用，不要一直用简单的句子，这样会显得你的水平很 Low，也不要一直说很复杂的句子，因为很容易出错。在变换不同的句式的时候，记得不要出错。避免一直说简单句的最好方法就是，多说一些稍微复杂一点的从句，比如定语从句、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"条件状语从句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、主语从句等等，同时一些相同意思的句子也不要用重复表达，要学会多尝试用不同的句式说出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntl5ggqZs1SveFYXERCKt7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.通过美剧学习口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzPBHKebdTWoMlsEiSqDjMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过美剧学习英语口语也是很多人可能有尝试的方法，对于上班族来说可以一边放松心情的同时学习英语。我建议可选择那些与日常生活比较贴近、故事情节较强的影视材料。例如金色年代。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqc0oBahh961fx6AGeNXnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":352,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"明确学习任务","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cc317719f8e46358e6469afbdddf745","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcnUawhbt9LAbMNtGyT5rjQje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语的基础练习可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"MrYang杨家成","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，这个老师讲解的每个视频内容虽然简短，但是老师在讲解前就利用学生的错误发音进行纠正，充满趣味性的同时也能认识到口语发音方面的错误。我这边为大家找到一个不错的视频内容，链接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，如果需要的话可以试着看看一看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAniyl28BcwrOMGSXZMG7Sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英音发音学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8jUdHxtD0q2Ca9U9XMhKcw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.建立英音的肌肉反射","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Bgwdg1Q7WFlotEPgFlzzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们开始在美音和英音间做出实质性的发音改变之前。我们首先要知道，发音的改变是要体现在每一个音上的，这样的改变才能导致整体上发音的变化。这包括说话过程中嘴型的变化，以及嘴部肌肉运动方式的变化。这是一个整体上的变化。并不只在有某个变化音的词里，你才能听到这样的变化，而是在每个音节上都可以听的出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9xr07pVHQAHJOjIbjJsxeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以想要练习一口标准的英式英语，第一步也是必不可少的一步就是练习音标。将每个音标老老实实的学习，通过肌肉发射，对后面的英式英语的口语练习能有很大的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc25ajSh9MJ9ZuAwKzwIk5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.建立英音语言环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDI3rJYrt2kCNtJSfaMWJmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学一门语言，最好的当然就是处于一个特定的语言环境内。既然我们是在国内，没有办法实现英式英语的环境，那么我就可以通过听力来实现输入的问题，通过口语来实现输出的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnItlQCgm0HI7U8XL0lN3nGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而对于锻炼听力，最推从的方法就是听万能的BBC了。你要知道，在BBC，不仅仅只有新闻的，BBC还有很多栏目，比如BBC Learning，就是可以通过上面的视频进行练习口语听力的栏目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwHmPWhIlSmkDLEJTASgmag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.建立口语交流机制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz7znoLcR8PJs5NGgEiTumf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在互联网这么发达，我们完全可以通过sns来和世界交流。你只要学会FAN墙，就可以通过Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp来找到愿意和你交流的人，如果他愿意学习中文是再好不过的了，这样互助互利是最持久的。不过记住，我们是要练习英式英语，所以最好找英国，或者加拿大的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrRBvMT5kQV0UBb8xf8Pcxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.英式发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPmSElkK8Ln9GVw9xhfqG7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“R”不发音，不卷舌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQqIl9vYv6nZ8N7aadglUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"T不发D音，发T音或不发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjwqt9HXoI1nICAJGGHbsCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"请注意，“H”并不总是发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAMcR2eJySZiDSAWw12USd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 单词“been”的读音是“bean”，而不是“bin”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpGGCrWQLAA9NEhwglolxKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结尾降调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6aeWLuqOC8x6mEvNnAis2b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美音发音学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN4ta7kwp7Fx0qE7s5mec4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.准备好学习的视频参照物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndaDJTU1LsVAhezCVIpznMX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仅仅是自己照着音标、课本练习朗读，不能使自己的发音改善。学习发音视频教程，才是最容易、最直观、最简单的方法。因为，可以直观地看到美国人的嘴形、舌头的位置，这样可以很容易自我调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ66dwrjnfif5ARMng7doIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"请在免费WiFi下，请自行百度：美式发音训练视频教程(汇总贴)。可以很容易找到美国Paul老师的视频教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntlV04Lro46oKCrXu0IO6Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.制定学习计划，每天学习1集视频","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj4goxfOdeUXbx4eZFNzA4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天观看1集视频，并且在安静、不被打扰的环境下学习。跟着视频一起，自己张口练习。练习时，不用去记忆生词，只需要张口练习发音就好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykbhvgkb9sTQ7ddwKsjyBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习完1集视频后，找找自己熟悉的单词、简单句子，按照刚刚学会的方法轻松、张口朗读。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHXjtIW65YnYS2zzXQJGd0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"嘴巴重新习惯需要时间。所以，请在学习第2、3、4天，轻松复习第1天学习的发音，并张口练习。这时，不用重新看视频，只需要读一读单词、简单句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIV3Peio8xvVmfsmovzgDze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.巩固训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh7WVDzXhSnPOLp84zocph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平时自己朗读自己喜欢的文章时，特意留意学会的新的发音。这是进步的最后一步。如果自己没有调整，还是按照自己以前的发音方法，那就没进步了!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKpCrCrsybqYTSoO0Gclod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果按照这样的步骤，认真练习，任何一个自己不会的发音，每位朋友都可以在1周内熟练掌握。1个月内就可以掌握所有的标准美式发音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN7Qg39OmoVkLqRiHmeMjmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.强化训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzbxdiLmiMlIUvH1PtxyOdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果学习过美国Paul老师的教程，还觉得不够。再推荐一个视频教程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9gQ1q9mWplJ1yGiT1XLXyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美国 Lisa 老师的——Lisa美语视频教程。请按照同样的反复，每次学习30分钟吧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXVSsf7wDN37P91JfWo9uCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.美式发音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEyPamcvvVZqGAqoRoYgCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当字母R出现在最后一个字母位置的时候，要发卷舌音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx2CWfpVikAHBBqUvcFkrYM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当字母R的后面紧跟一个辅音字母的时候，这里的R要发音/r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbx7h6y4AyScuOvfmYVCwwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美式发音中的第二个特征,是关于美式浊化音。比如letter这个单词，其中的字母t就需要百分之五十浊化成发音/d/，有点类似ladder了。.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIlr6VccCrAYZDvKKmjr6wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNn5aRsPSY0uClTNB0zjMjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"扇贝口语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1xQDPd73gaCqWyXvrmrAXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一款旨在让用户“听得懂、说得出”的英语口语学习app，适合所有阶段人群，扇贝口语的课程系统完善，而且形式比较丰富，包括角色扮演，发音打分和故事模式，通过跟读以及听音复述和智能打分的形式，帮助培养开口习惯，纠正发音错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1vvkLtwpDzIFC4yV706Cfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":680,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6dce05c82bf4dd6b121e78ba47fd80a","width":1022},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOPKf8UJLtgeRfIAXrDLF7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"流利说英语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrfswMxU8HpX3xfjfcmtkAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是一款智能口语打分软件，内置各种以场景为主题的课程，你可以跟读模仿，然后系统会根据你的发音情况进行打分，他的练习材料非常丰富，从教材到职场，从生活到影视剧，而且都有难度划分，逐渐升级。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsHMd5SyxNVjHdPYDl9Jsmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":461,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口语app","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2043c818292c4f86b5a58216126c49a9","width":694},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiK9GeJjwjvWS8FLcwOJua"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英语后期学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhmUCRSpuEGPbSm3kfTZrNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCHSR2t6m306E2wX8Zw26Eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期就要把你珍藏的真题拿出来了，从头到尾掐准时间（可以在开始的时候把时间写在卷题上，结束对照一下时间），作文可以先不写（前5套真题左右，把作文专项练习一下），一套真题两三天左右吃透，半个月时间把作文好好练习一下（文末附有大小作文模板以及视频），做完对照答案，（如何分析和做阅读，前面的文章已经讲过了）分数依然不重要，重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方，单词、语法、阅读速度还是注意力的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98ChRZY7cmLmdgPed0hv3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3551ef9f3c724f4991e531507c6605dd","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnX6Cvuhb5Vwd8SFv6qa3U9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背单词","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBzS2BYNc6jNdNFMpHBDqQm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单词不用说，该背还要背，这个时间可以有侧重点的背，同时还需要把重点放在真题中单词上来，一定要注意熟词僻义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8xAWJv4iv65s79M9Ow50c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背单词","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07afafd991d44a1085aff17a8ff11ad3","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoBqoRdtTyyodHXEWeYTSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimOTAvabfb8dXPzyQ4AAcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仔细思考做题过程中的这个题做错了，为什么做错，我当初怎么想的，答案又是怎么说的，有没有了解出题人的意图，带着这些问题，把错的选项分析一遍，做个小结，在题旁边标注，属于哪种错误，是粗心大意还是单词或者翻译错误等；其次是单词，这个单词我背过吗，是生词还是背过忘了，然后查出这个单词，记在自己的单词本或者在单词出处记下来，第二天背下来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhUSj3jzBNrgZQJMOD8XFTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"阅读","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54b405eb55d04519b7181899e35529ee","width":696},"text":"","id":"doxcnFvq6HeNlKFyAqAEkQkbX3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLzO97jEckwVUFvKIivhpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"怎么构思，如果这次试卷就是考试，我该从哪下手，我是不是又用了，老掉牙的词，背的好词好句有没有用上等；最后就是总结，把阅读、单词、作文遇到的问题做个总结，做个规划去处理，然后第二天去复习，直到这张试卷你认为没有什么价值了，那么你复盘总结就是成功的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNNUhjM8lgrGQEXuuMqRUEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed636c887c314c3e9d0f3880020bb113","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcncDWKFnzQEF5EJ3EQW6a7cg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWNLRiDucBDag6O7zsyuNj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后说一下完成这个阶段所需的时间，我建议用两个月去完成是比较合适的。不要拖太长时间，不要在学习的舒适区呆太久。我们是需要感觉到自己在进步，需要有很多正反馈才能继续坚持学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7UKfpZFcM1TGk9kUVSUjf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E为什么美国总统胡说八道沒事？
有的时候特朗普确实是在胡说八道，但有的时候特朗普确实是在说实话。因为特朗普就是一个大嘴巴。什么话都会往外说。
这一次特朗普公开怒怼美国前国务卿鲍威尔，指出，美国并没有在伊拉克发现大规模杀伤性武器。然而此言一出即引起一片哗然。同时特朗普的这次推特发言，直接挑开了一直笼罩在美国上空的所谓的人权民主自由的遮羞布！
如果说特朗普是一个撒谎大王，那么一点不为过，因为有专业数据统计的。
1月21日，《华盛顿邮报》根据旗下数据库“Fact Checker”统计指出，自特朗普上任以来，短短两年内已经发布了8158条虚假或误导性言论，大多数出现在第二年，有超过6000条。
从1月到2月，特朗普多次在公开讲话时表示出对疫情的“轻视”，称病毒总有一天会“奇迹般地”消失，甚至把病毒当成民主党的“骗局”
下面是特朗普的演讲稿，然而对于特朗普此次的移民演讲，美国短视频新闻公司Now This却不认同他的观点。他们声称核实了特朗普关于移民问题的演讲，发现其中平均每34秒就有一个错误的断言，让我们一起来看看这些谎言是什么吧！
特朗普在关于边境墙的演讲中 平均每34秒就有一个虚假陈述
My fellow Americans: Tonight, I am speaking to you
我的所有美国同胞们：今晚 我所做的这个演讲
because there is a growing humanitarian and security crisis at our southern border
是为了告诉你们 我们南部边境的人道主义和安全危机已日益严重
False
假的
Illegal border crossings recently hit a 46-year low
非法越境的数量最近已降到了46年来的最低点
All Americans are hurt by uncontrolled illegal migration
所有美国人都受到不受控制的非法移民的伤害
It strains public resources and drives down jobs and wages
非法移民使得公共资源紧张 并降低了我们的就业率和工资水平
False
假的
Immigrants contribute more to the economy than they receive in benefits
移民对经济的贡献大于他们所获得的利益
Our southern border is a pipeline for vast quantities of illegal drugs
我们的南部边境是一条输送大量非法毒品的管道
including meth, heroin, cocaine and fentanyl
这其中就包括有冰毒 海洛因 可卡因和芬太尼
Misleading
误导
Virtually all heroin, cocaine, and meth is smuggled via ports of entry
几乎所有的海洛因 可卡因和冰毒都是通过入境口岸走私的
And most fentanyl comes from China and arrives by mail
大多数芬太尼都是从中国邮寄过来的
None of which will be stopped by a wall
这些都不会被一堵墙所阻挡
More Americans will die from drugs this year
今年将会有更多的美国人死于毒品
than were killed in the entire Vietnam War
这将比在整个越南战争中死亡的人数还要多
Misleading
误导
35% of opioid overdoses are from preion drugs, not street drugs
35%的阿片类药物过量都来自处方药 而不是街头毒品
We have requested more agents, immigration judges and bed space
我们要求增加特工、移民法官和床位的数量
to process the sharp rise and unlawful migration fueled by our very strong economy
来处理由于我们强劲的经济所推动的非法移民的激增
False
假的
Again, illegal crossings recently dropped to a 46-year low
再次说明 非法越境近来已降至46年来的最低点
Law enforcement professionals have requested 5.7 billion dollars for a physical barrier
执法人员要求57亿美元用来建造一个物理屏障
At the request of Democrats, it will be a steel barrier, rather than a concrete wall
应民主党人的要求 这将是一道钢铁屏障 而不是一道混凝土墙
False
假的
Democrats don't want a steel wall either
民主党人也不想要一堵钢铁墙
The border wall would very quickly pay for itself
边境墙很快就会收回成本
Baseless
没有根据的
The White House has provided zero data or evidence to support this claim
白宫没有提供任何数据或证据来支持这种说法
The cost of illegal drugs exceeds 500 billion dollars a year
非法毒品的成本每年都超过5000亿美元
False
假的
The cost to the U.S. economy is closer to 193 billion
美国经济的损失接近1930亿美元
And again, most drugs come through legal ports of entry
并且再次说明 大多数毒品都通过合法的入境口岸进入我们国家
so they wouldn't be stopped by a wall
所以建造一堵边境墙并不能阻挡它们
The wall will also be paid for indirectly by the great new trade deal we have made with Mexico
我们与墨西哥达成的新贸易协定也将间接地为这堵墙买单
False
假的
The new trade deal has not been passed by Congress
新的贸易协定尚未在国会通过
And it includes no new tariffs on imports from Mexico
而且它不包括对从墨西哥进口的商品征收新的关税
The federal government remains shut down for one reason and one reason only:
联邦政府仍然处于关闭状态的原因有且只有一个:
Because Democrats will not fund border security
因为民主党人不会资助边境安全
False
假的
Democrats offered 1.3 billion for border security, just no wall
民主党提出将13亿美元用于边境安全 只是不会资助围墙建设
My administration is doing everything in our power to help those impacted by the situation
我的政府正在尽我们所能来帮助那些受到目前局势影响的人
But the only solution is for Democrats to pass a spending bill
唯一的解决办法就是让民主党人通过一项支出法案
that defends our borders and reopens the government
一项保卫我们的边界 重新开放政府的法案
False
假的
House Dems passed a bill to reopen the gov't without a border wall
众议院民主党人通过了一项法案在没有边界墙的情况下重新开放政府
GOP senators previously passed the same bill, but now won't vote for it
共和党参议员此前通过了同样的法案 但他们现在不会投票支持它
Day after day, precious lives are cut short by those who have violated our borders
日复一日 那些侵犯我们边界的人剥夺了许多宝贵的生命
Misleading
误导
Undocumented immigrants are less likely to commit crimes than native-born citizens
非法移民犯罪的可能性比本国公民小
the conservative Cato Institute found
这是保守的卡托研究所发现的
换句话说，在上任第一年里，特朗普平均每天会出现5.9次虚假或误导性言论，而第二年则是近16.5次，几乎是第一年的3倍。
所以说对于这样的特朗普，特别是对于一个撒谎成精的特朗普，就连媒体也只是总结一下而已，别人就更不能把他怎么样了。再说美国作为世界上唯一的超级大国，连美国境内都拿它没办法，那世界上的其他国家还能怎么样呢？只能任他胡说。当然也只是一个度，今年11月份美国即将迎来美国大选，目前对于特朗普的处境还是相当不利，因为美国现在饱受疫情和暴乱的影响已经乱成一团。到时候总统大选特朗普很有可能落选。
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