ensnare（免疫细胞作战场景特写）

A macrophage (x18000), a human defense cell, seeking to engulf droplets of oil.

巨噬细胞，人类的保卫细胞，正在试图吞噬油滴

A major component of the immune system, a helper t-cell is under attack by HIV/ AIDS

免疫系统的重要组成部分：辅助T细胞（CD4+T细胞），正被HIV病毒（蓝色）攻击。

latecomers in immunesystem evolution, B-cells, like this specimen covered with bacteria, produce armies of anti-bodies whose sole purpose is to attack a single kind of pathogen.

B细胞是免疫反应的后发细胞，就像这个被细菌覆盖的样本，产生了大量的抗体，它们的唯一目的就是攻击一种病原体。

Malaria protozoa have multiplied in two cells in a culture dish of red blood cells. One has burst open releasing the parasites to infect other cells

疟疾虫在红血球（红细胞）培养皿中的两个细胞中繁殖。 其中一个已经裂开，释放出寄生虫去感染其他细胞 。

First line of defense agains armies of dangerous microorganisms, skin tissue is able to mend itself rapidly after injury.

皮肤是抵御危险微生物大军的第一道防线，它能在受伤后迅速自我修复 。

First step in phagocytosis, or “cell eating” a macrophage extends several pseudopods from it’s singlecelled form to embrace a number of E-coli bacteria

吞噬作用的第一步，即“细胞吞噬”，巨噬细胞从单细胞形态中延伸出几个假足，以容纳大量的大肠杆菌。<步步先生再三说，这个图是巨噬细胞，很多非专业科普号把这个当做NK细胞>

Bacteria trapped within an extension of a macrophage membrane

被巨噬细胞膜延伸部分所困的细菌。

Powerful chemicals inside the macrophage will breakdown and destroy the components of invading cells.

巨噬细胞内强大的分泌酶和过氧化物将破坏和破坏入侵细胞。

Like a vision from science fiction, a macrophage reaches out to ensnare bacteria with a cellular extension called a pseudopod.

就像科幻小说中的场景一样，巨噬细胞伸出手来用一种叫做假足的细胞延伸来诱捕细菌。

One of mankind’s greatest inorganic threats, asbestos fibres are engulfed by a macrophage which will probably die from it’s indigestible meal.

石棉纤维是人类最大的无机物威胁之一，巨噬细胞吞噬后可能会因无法消化而死亡。

mutiny in the body is a constant occurrence, many believe, as healthy cells somehow escape the mechanisms that regulate cell growth and turn cancerous. Fortunately,

antigens on their surfaces sometimes alter slightly, changing from self to non-self. Thus the cells become targets for Killer T-cells, like these surrounding this large cancer cell.

许多人认为，由于健康细胞以某种方式逃脱了调节细胞生长的机制，从而变成了癌细胞，体内的叛变经常发生。 幸运的是，它们表面的抗原有时会发生轻微的变化，从自身变成非自身。 因此，这些细胞成为杀伤T细胞的目标，就像包围着这个大癌细胞的这些细胞一样。

Frozen in action, killer T cells appear remarkably alive as they attack a cancer cell. Several of the normally round T-cells acquire the elongated shape of active fighters as they subject their target to chemical attack, breaking down the cell membrane.

在冻结的行动中，杀手T细胞在攻击癌细胞时显得非常活跃。 一些正常情况下是圆形的T细胞，当它们使目标遭受化学攻击，破坏细胞膜时，就变成了活跃的“战斗者”的细长形状。

After a cancer cell loses it’s cytoplasm, only a fibrous skelleton is left, here surrounding a T-cell.

癌细胞失去细胞质后，只剩下一个纤维骨架，在T细胞周围。

Overzealous immune responses, allergic reactions plague humans who produce certain unnecessary antibodies.

过度的免疫反应，过敏反应折磨着产生某些不必要抗体的人。

A renegade immune system has ravaged a (surgically removed) femur of a 50 year old women suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. Most common of al the autoimmune disorders.

免疫系统的紊乱破坏了一位患有风湿性关节炎的50岁妇女的股骨， 这是一种最常见的自身免疫病 。

The common cold virus, constantly mutates to avoid detection. Just how totally viruses can overcome a healthy host is seen when an infected human cell ruptures, releasing a stream of new viruses （blue） into the system.

普通感冒病毒，通过不断变异来躲避被免疫系统发现。 当一个被感冒病毒感染的人类细胞破裂，释放出一股新的病毒流（蓝色）进入系统时，我们就可以看到病毒是如何完全战胜一个健康的宿主的。

谁持彩练当空舞 ：干细胞基础与临床研究进展

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